Wednesday, June 20, 2018

Southeast England 449 to 597


One of the seeming main objections that some people have in considering our match of the 9 battle sites of Arthur with the 9 Saxon Shore sites is that people have the set opinion that the South-East was supposedly all only Anglo-Saxon with no supposed evidences of Britons or battles being there in Arthurian times. Below we give some of the evidences that we have collected for Britons/battles in the south-east quarter, and against the battles being in the other regions of Britain (and/or world). These are only the tip of the iceberg and there will be far more quantity and quality than we have been able to collect in our very limited situation & location. It must be said though that it is perfectly possible to prove merely that the 2 sets of 9 sites certainly match literarily without having to prove the other questions of whether battles were really fought there. Also, this issue of the South-East depends on the date of Arthur. If for example Arthur was earlier in the 400s and was someone like Vortimer then the south-east was less Saxon then, and the sources are clear that Vortimers battles were in Kent, or if he was later and was someone like Ethelbert then it also alters the whole picture. We will now go through the main regions with Arthurian claims. (Note: the notes below are not finished yet.)


Ruled-out:
Jerusalem:
The VR of the HB claims Arthur went to Jerusalem before the battle of Guinnion. However, the primary source texts generally seem to agree that Arthur's battles etc were in "(the island of) Britain", so we can rule out the battles sites being in the Holy Land.
The Arthurian "Jerusalem" might really be the Uerolamiensem/Verulam ("St Alban's") of Bede. The city of the legion is said to have been built at the same time as Jerusalem, which seems to imply that "Jerusalem" was either the city of the legion Richborough itself or was its next door neighbour Guinnion/Dover. Cursalem in the 11 Consuls list seems to match Guinnion & Dover. Jerusalem is the city where Jesus was crucified. In our Wonders articles we shoed that Cruc Mawr "big cross" is the large cruciform platform at Richborough. Guinnion is where Arthur carried the Cross and image of Mary.

Dacia/"Denmark"

Ruled-out:
Rome/Romans:
Arthur does seem to have some Roman origins, and some Arthurian sources also say Arthur was emperor of Rome, etc, but the primary source texts generally agree that Arthur's battles etc were in Britain.
Welsh source says that the city of the legion was "2nd Rome", and it is possible that "Rome" in Arthurian is the city of the legion. (Compare Byzantium/Constantinople and Moscow called 2nd and 3rd Rome.)

Ruled-out:
Sicily/Messina:
There are a few early traditional claimed links of Arthur with "Etna" and/or "Sicily", but the primary source texts are pretty clear that Arthur was British and that his 12 battles etc were in "(the island of) Britain" not in Sicily, so we can rule out Sicily as location of Arthur's 12 battles etc.
We have shown in some articles that "Etna" seems to really be our Mt Eidyn at Dover (Guinnion). (The Messina straits are analogous to Dover straits. Sigar "Sicily" is connected with Dobar in the 8 labours of Turein.)

Ruled-out:
Iceland:

Ruled-out:
Norway/Loclyn

Gothland

Denmark/"Dacia"

Ruled-out:
Ireland:
Arthur is claimed to have invaded Ireland in some sources, but the primary source texts are pretty clear that Arthur was primarily British, and that his 12 battles etc were in "(the island of) Britain" not in Ireland, so we can rule out Ireland as location of Arthur's 12 battles etc.
"Cold snakeless Ireland" may be connected with either Caldicot "cold isle cottage", snakeless Thanet (Richard of Cirencester), Lucius Tiberius/Hiberius (HRB), and/or Hisberna (8 labours of Turein).

Ruled-out:
France/Gaul / Aquitaine / Brittany/Armorica/Letavia:
Arthur is claimed to have invaded Gaul/France in the HRB etc, and Arthurian does have some French ties, and Brittany does have some Arthurian traditional connections, but the primary source texts are clear that Arthur was primarily British/Welsh, and that his 12 battles etc were in "(the island of) Britain" not in France/Gaul or Brittany/Armorica, so we can rule out France & Brittany as the location of Arthur's 12 battles etc.
Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, and the Old North all have remnant Arthurian traditions, which points to England as the original common connection.
Arthurian has French/Frankish/Gaulish (& Breton) ties, which means we are looking for an area which is neighbouring/bordering France, and Kent is the best match for this.

Ruled-in:
Celtic / British/Britons / Welsh/Cambrian:
Arthur is agreed by many sources to be at least half Celtic/British/Briton/Welsh/Cambrian (refs HB, HRB, AC, Welsh Triads). The Britons were in Great Britain (Loegria/England, Cornwall, Wales, Strathclyde/North) and in Brittany/Armorica.
Arthur was in "Britain" (HB, HRB). Britain includes Great Britain and Brittany. The HB further implies that Arthur was in "the island of Britain", which indicates Great Britain and rules-out Brittany.

Ruled-out:
Orkney islands:
Although the HRB etc does mention "Orkney" among Arthur's territories, Arthur is generally implied by most primary sources to have been primarily British, and his 12 battles to have been in the "island of Britain" which rules-out Orkney.
Arthur's main capital province was not Orkney (Gunfasius, Lot)?

Ruled-out:
Avalon:

Ruled-in:
Great Britain / Albion / British/Britons / Welsh:
While it is true that Arthur is claimed in the HRB etc to have been in some other lands such as Ireland, Iceland, France, Sicily, Rome, and Jerusalem, the primary source texts seem to agree that Arthur was primarily British and that his 12 battles etc were in "(the island of) Britain" (HB 3, 7, 10, HRB, AC, DEB) rather than these other places, so we can rule-out the battles having been these other places or anywhere else in the world/universe for starters.
Although some Arthurian scholars theorise that Arthur may have fought battles in diverse places in Britain as part of a sort-of general roving commission of a Dux Britanniarum (or else the 12 battles being a composite compiliation), this is only theory without any real proof/evidence, and it is agreed by some Arthurians that Arthur can not have romped too greater distances of space across the whole length and breadth of the island of Britain.

Ruled-out:
Wales/Cambria / West
Evans says regarding suggestions that the city of the legion is Caerleon on Usk "... how Arthur could have fought Saxons in Perthshire and Wales, where no Saxons ever were, is beyond conjecture."
The city of the legion was implied to be in inaccessable Saxon territory in the time of Gildas, which rules out Caerleon.
Arthur's main province was not Norgales/Venedotia (Cadwallo Lewirh) or Sugales/Demetia (Sater).
Caerleon has been described as being in an "indefensible plain" in Gwent.
The Britons/Welsh were not limited to the North and Wales and Cornwall until after the battles of Dyrham 577 and "Chester".
"The Britons ... retire into Cornwall and Wales" (HRB 11:10).
"Wurdesten speaks of the Britons leaving their ancestral land when the Saxons occupied it".
Gildas says "neither to this day are our cities inhabited ... forsaken & overthrown".
The city of the legion "Cuerlion" is near Isneldone or Snowdon/Sinadon or "Stirling" in Beroul, and some people have said that this doesn't match Caerleon which is not close to Snowdon.

Ruled-out:
South-West/Cornwall/Devon/Somerset/Dorset / Lyonesse/Scilly:
Cornwall is past even the orthodox "Lincoln to Dorset/Devon" border.
Britons/Welsh were not limited to Cornwall and Wales until after Dyrham according to orthodox opinion.
There are remnant Arthurian traditions and namesakes in all of Cornwall, Wales, and the North, which shows that Arthur can't be in those 3 but must be in England as the original common connecting area.
"Yet the battles have been located in districts as far apart as the lowlands of Scotland and the
south-west of England. There were certainly no Saxons in the latter
region until long after this date...." (- Evans.)
"The Saxons were at its [Dorset's] borders at the beginning of the 6th century, but the British held it until circa 658-710. The ASC records a battle near Somerset or Dorset in 658, which "put the Britons to flight.""
The south-west corner is not strategic for fighting invading Anglo-Saxons.
Bath is not a strategic place for battle against Saxons. The HRB mentions "Thanet" in the Badon chapter.
Tintagel Castle site is only a late association with Arthur. Tintagel in photos is obviously analogous to Dover/Guinnion.
The is no proof of any city of Lyonesse between Land's End and Scilly isles. City of Lions in far south-west is obviously analogous to city of the legion Richborough in far south-east.
St Michael's Mount can be shown to be an analogous memory copy of Dover/Guinnion.
Glastonbury was only founded in the 600s according to the ASC.
Arthur's main province was not Summerland (Melwas) or Cornwall (Cador) or Devon (Geraint)?
The name of Summerland confirms a southern not northern location.

Ruled-out:
Scotland/Albany/Caledonia / Picts / Lothian / North/Ogledd / Strathclyde/Cumbria:
Although there are claims of the Jutes fighting Scots and Picts in the Firth of Forth area, these are pretty uncertain and it is agreed by some scholars that "Arthur was fighting "Saxons" ... and there were none ... in the North in Arthur's time...." (ref Jackson, Loomis, Evans.)
"No source before Geoffrey of Monmouth says that Arthur fought Scots/Picts". (Though Cunedda fought Gwydel/Liethali, and though the Halleluyah victory of Germanus against "Saxons and Picts" might possibly match the 1st battle of Arthur's 12 battles?)
Aedan is after Arthur in Welsh/Arthurian sources like the AC & ASC.
Our general impression from Arthurian traditions is that Arthur was of Britain/Loegria/England/Welsh and not of Scotland/Albany or the Picts. Although Arthur is associated with all 3 of Britain's 3 divisions of Britain in the HRB (Loegria/London & Cornwall, Kambria/Wales/Legionis, Albania/Scotland & Deira/York/Northumbria), Arthur's main province would seem to be Loegria/England rather than Albany/Scotland or Wales or Cornwall.
Arthur's main province was not Orkneys (Lot), Scotland/Albany (Nau, Augusel), Moray (Urien), Rheged (Urien)? Arthur is not Pictish except only in a few late sources like the Liber Floridus. The 'Dux Pictorum' of the LF is similar to the Dux Bellorum of the HB.
The name of Summerland confirms a southern not northern location.
The Pa Gur has two different Eidyns. Agned & Eidyn do not match in the Pa Gur, but rather Agned & Ystawinguin match in the Pa Gur. There is an Edinburgh Hill at Dover.
"Albani" in the HRB can be "Saint Alban('s)" and the Downs (Albion) and Guinnion (*Alborum), rather than Scotland (Alba/Albany, Drum Alban, Alpin). Drum Alban could be an analogous memory of the Downs.
There is not strong proof that the Caledonian wood battle site of Arthur was in Scotland. The only basis for it being there is the name and nothing else. It is not likely Arthur was fighting Saxons in north-west Scotland (despite "Frisians in Dumfries" and "Jutes in Firth of Forth" claims). (Caledonia was province beyond Hadrian's Wall, and the Antonine Wall?) Caledonia is not near Lindsey. The Caledonian wood of Caesar's invasion in Florus etc is certainly in the south-east quarter of Britain. (Calle is also found in a Silchester inscription, and Caledo in a Colchester inscription.)
Beroul said "Isneldone/Snowdon" not "Stirling".
"Yet the battles have been
located in districts as far apart as the lowlands of Scotland and the
south-west of England. There were certainly no Saxons in the latter
region until long after this date, while in the north two powerful British
states, Rheged and Strathclyde, were holding in check both the beginning
of Anglian settlement on the south coast of the Firth of Forth and
the small territory of the Niduarian Picts in Wigtownshire and Kirkcudbright." (- Evans.)

Ruled-in:
Roman Britain:
Arthur has Roman connections (eg Ambrosius/Emrys Roman parents, dux bellorum, city of legion a Roman name, Lucius Tiberius). The Romans didn't (permanently) conquer Caledonia/Pictland. The south-east half of the island was more Roman than the north-west half (as seen in maps etc).

Ruled-in:
England/Loegria:
Our general impression from Arthurian traditions is that Arthur was of Britain/Loegria/England and not of Scotland/Albany. Arthur's main province was not Scotland/Albany (Augusel).
Arthur was fighting Saxons, and the Anglo-Saxon part of Britain is England not Scotland or Wales.
The Britons/Welsh were not limited to Cornwall and Wales and the North until after Dyrham 577 and "Chester" in orthodox history.
There are remnant Arthurian traditions in Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, and the North which points to England as the original common connection.
Arthur is associated with Loegria/Logres/England in the HRB, LF, etc.
Orthodox critics claim that the border was a line between Lincoln and Dorset which agrees that Arthur was at least in the north-west half England.
Wheeler's (& Deniker's) salient/gap of Britons in the Essex area confirms that some Britons/Welsh were in (the south-east quarter/half of) England in Arthurian times.

Ruled-out:
Mercia/Middle Anglia/Midlands/Central:
Mercia is not mentioned in the ASC until 644/653/655/676, all the battles action is in the south-east quarter. Mercia doesn't feature in the Bretwaldas until between the 5th & 8th some time after Arthur's times.
The (West) Saxons and Angles are not supposed to have reached "Buckinghamshire/Bedfordshire" until 571, and "Chester" until 584 or 607.
Arthur is implied to have had access to shore/coast ports (eg "the Porter", "ship/boat Pry(d)wen", "Dover", "Rutupi", "Hamo's port", "France/Gaul", "ships" and "Thanet" in Badon chapter of HRB).
"Gildas clearly states that this place [city of the legion] is unacessable to British people. If this was Chester it would hardly be unacessable."
The battle of the city of the legion is not mentioned in chronicle of Werburgh.
It is said that there is scanty evidence for the presence of St Julius and Aaron at Chester.
"How Deva came to be the name of Chester or the Castra Legionis (whence the Welsh Caer Lleon) is not clear".
"Absence of any mention of Garway in the HB" is possible evidence against the Wormlow Tump orthodox candidate for Amr's Tomb.

Ruled-out:
Northumbria/York/Deira/Bernicia/Durham/Lothian/North/Ogledd:
Although Arthurian does have some traditional claimed links with the North (eg Arcturus, Men of the Old North, Gododin, Jutes in Firth of Forth area, etc), we see that the North is ruled-out as the location of Arthur's battles for certain evidences reasons including the following examples:
"Arthur was fighting "Saxons" (as Nennius clearly shows, and specifically the Kentish men) and there were none near Chester or in the North in Arthur's time...." (ref Jackson, Loomis, Evans.)
Arthur fought "Saxons" not "Angles"? (Though Angle slaves are mentioned in pope Gregory's story, and the Pillar of Eliseg does mention Angles, and Ivor/Ini attacked Angles in HRB.)
The HB is agreed to seem to have Arthur's battles sometime between Octa and Ida, and the HB says Arthur's battles were down "until the time of Ida". Ida was among the earliest Anglian invaders of Northumbria, which means Arthur is unlikely to have fought Northumbrian Angles except possibly at the last battle Badon (though Badon is agreed by some orthodox scholars to be in the south).
Northumbria doesn't feature in the ASC until 547/560/593/597. Northumbria doesn't feature in the Bretwaldas until between the 5th & 7th some time after Arthur's times. (Bede was Northumbrian and the ASC was partly based on Bede, so no its no use critics "claiming oh but the ASC was only West Saxon records".)
"Cadfan acquires all Britain on this side of the Humber, Ethelfrid the rest" (HRB).
York was not called 'city of the legion'. In the HRB York and the city of the legion are mentioned in the same sentences as a distinct places, and they had different bishops.
Lo(n)donesia of King Lot is not Lothian but may be London or Ludanbyrig (Othona/Bradwell). Lot is variously of either Lodonesia or Norway or Orkney.
The name of Summerland confirms a southern not northern location.
The main 9 forts of the Saxon Shore were between Norfolk and the Solent, not in the North.
In Roman Britain and the ND the 2 main military areas are the Wall and the Saxon Shore, and Arthur's battles don't match with the Wall sites.

Ruled-out:
Lincoln/Lindsey / Kesteven / Holland / Co(r)itani:
Arthur fought "(West) Saxons" not "Angles"? (Though the Pillar of Eliseg does mention "Angles", and Liber Floridus does mention England/Angleland/Anglia.)
Arthur fought Saxons, and at the estimated time of Arthur's battles the Saxons were mainly only the area "between the Wash and the Solent".
Lincoln/Lindsey does not figure as important in the units of the heptarchy (we don't see it mentioned as much in the history of the period, it is more obscure).
Lincoln/Lindsey does not appear in the ASC until 627/654/678, all the battles action was in the south-east quarter.
Hardly any "Lincoln" place names are mentioned in Arthurian sources except for Linnuis and Thancastre. Only 1 of Arthur's 9 battle sites was supposedly in Lincoln (though four battles out of 12 total were fought there).
Four battles fought in Linnuis would indicate that Linnuis was important place, while Lindsey/Lincoln doesn't seem to me to seem as/very important in Arthurian times (even though it had been a Roman colony).
Nennius wrote "Linnuis" not "Lindsey/Lincoln".
The words "in regio Linnuis" may just be a later added gloss.
The orthodox location of Dubglas in Lincoln is pretty much only based on the Linnuis name match and not anything much else.
There is no known river Dubglas or Black in Lincoln/Lindsey (though it is true that some say that the Witham's name might be related to Eidumanis).
Glein (and Bassas, and Badon) was not in Lincoln because the HB doesn't say it was "in Linnuis" like it did for Dubglas.
One of the orthodox Glein candidates (Glen in Northumberland and Glen in Lincoln) "has no distinctive features or strategic fortifications", and one of them "has no mouth" (though does have a confluence).
The orthodox Dubglas candidate in Lindsey is not number "2nd" in an attested set of 9 sites (that all match all in order) like ours is.
Lincoln was almost an island in Roman times, and it doesn't seem overly strategic to me?
Hengist was in Linnuis according to the HRB, and this is more likely to be our Essex site than the orthodox Lincoln location because the latter is alot further away from Kent/Thanet where Hengist and Octa were.
Lincoln is not "near Celidon" like the HB & HRB are considered to imply it is.
If Arthur fought Saxons in Lincoln and won, then he suffered quite a reversal to shortly afterwards be fighting Saxons at Chester or Caerleon.
'Thancastre' in the HRB could match Othona/Ythancester in Essex (or Thanet, or castellum Guinnion) rather than Thong castle in Lincoln.

Ruled-in:
Saxon Shore / South-East quarter/half of England/Britain:
We found that the 9 battle sites of Arthur in the HB seem to match the 9 Saxon Shore sites from Great Yarmouth to Portchester, and they all match in numeric and geographical order which can't be lightly dismissed because the probability/odds/chances of more than a few sites all matching in order and only being coincidence or wrong is not high likelihood.
Peutinger Map highlights the South-East quarter of England.
Arthur fought Saxons "from Germany" and "specifically Kentishmen". Saxons were in "Saxon Shore". The (West) Saxons ranged from "the Wash to the Solent" (refs Sayles). Saxons were in Wessex, Essex, Sussex, Middlesex.
Arthur's battle sites must be strategic for fighting invading Saxons. The south and east and outer more strategic than the north and west and inner/inland, the inverse of the Roman Caerleon-Chester-York lines.
"There is no evidence from the 6th century to suggest that Saxon settlement had expanded further north than the southern one-quarter of the island." (ref Brynjulfson.)
The 9 Saxon Shore forts of the ND go from Brancaster to Portchester.
Some think that Cerdiceshore 495/514 was at Great Yarmouth (ref GYAM) which would have the West Saxons ranging from Yarmouth to Portsmouth like our Arthur's battle against the Saxons do.
The south-east quarter has roads connecting the different ends between Icknield/Colchester & Salisbury/Silchester (Icknield, Ridgeway, Camlet Way, Watling Street, Pilgrim's Way, Saxon Shore Way, Harroway, Stane Street).
The orthodox scenario of the border being "from Lincoln/Humber to Dorset/Devon" is not much different from our Wash/Norfolk to Solent/Hampshire scenario.
Some scholars saying that Arthur's battles "spanned ... from the southwest (Badon) to the northeast (Celidon Forest)" matches our 9 battle sites spanning from Great Yarmouth in the north-east end to Portchester in the south-west end.
The HRB has the Saxons going from "Lincoln" around to "Totness/Severn/Bath" which is also similar to our Yarmouth to Portchester scenario.
Arthur battles being considered 3 triads of 1st 3 sites all rivers, middle 3 sites all settlements, and last 3 sites all hills/mountains matches our Saxon Shore's geography (1st 3 are all rivers, middle 3 are all in Kent which is a settlements area, last 3 are all in the South Downs).
Prof. Fields located the 12 battles "up & down the east coast"; 3 of our 5 provinces are in the east (East Anglia, Essex, Kent).
"The Porter" in the Pa Gur could match the Saxon Shore forts & ports.
Arthur is implied to have had access to shore/coast ports (eg Arthurian texts mention "ship/boat Pry(d)wen", "Hamo's Port", "Dover", "Rutupi", crossing to France/Gaul, "boarded ships/boats" and "Thanet" in Badon chapter, Moridunon "sea fort"). The main British ports in Roman Britain were London, Richborough, Dover, Lemanis, Portchester/Southampton.
Arthur is seemingly implied in some sources to have driven the enemy out of the (is)land which may imply a coastal/shore site [and may imply the one part of Britain closest to mainland Europe?]
"British strategy seems to have been to allow Saxon landings and to then contain them, there."
"it is insisted that they [Saxons] avoided the Roman towns & forts"?
Of the SS forts  "There has been no consensus amongst those who write about the transition from the Romans to the Anglo-Saxons."
Most of the battles action in the ASC until 597 is mainly only in Kent 449-473/488 & 552/560-616, Sussex 477-490, and Wessex 495-591.
"Archaeologists and historians are now beginning to question the past interpretation of the 4th, 5th and 6th centuries." "new view", "stop pushing invaders", "accepted Germanic leadership", "lived peaceful".
"Kenneth Dark's argument for continuing British military and political power in the east rests on the very uneven distribution of Anglo-Saxon cemeteries and the proposition that large gaps in that distribution necessarily represent strong British polities which excluded Anglo-Saxon settlers by force."
"Procopius ... reports that Britons, Angiloi and Phrissones (Friesians) were crossing in great numbers from Britain to the Continent in the 1st half of the 6th century.... It (the statement of Procopius) is a warning against the assumption that the war left the English in possession of the centre as well as the east and south-east of Britain. It (the statement of Procopius) is brought within the sphere of history by an independent Germanic tradition of a migration of English peoples from Britain to the Continent in the 1st
half of the 6th century."
"This vision of the Anglo-Saxons exercising extensive political and military power at an early date remains highly contested." "The broader archaeological picture suggests that no one model will explain all the Anglo-Saxon settlements in Britain and that there was considerable regional variation."
"A re-evaluation of the traditional picture of decay and dissolution Post-Roman Britain, has occurred, with Britain being thought rather more a part of the Late Antique world of western Europe than was customary a half century ago. As part of this re-evaluation some suggest that sub-Roman Britain, in its entirety, retained a significant political, economic and military momentum across the fifth century and even the bulk of the sixth."
"It is fairly clear that most Anglo-Saxon cemeteries are unrepresentative of the whole population, and particularly the whole age range."
"the sharp contrast between Celtic and Saxon agricultural systems is a delusion...."
Arthurian has Roman associations. The south-east half of Britain was more Roman than the north-west half of Britain (eg see the map "Post-Roman Britain (Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries) (based on Jones & Mattingly's Atlas of Roman Britain)").
Arthurian traditions mention south-east place names including St Alban's / Verulam, London, Kit's Coty, Canterbury, Chislehurst, Rutupi, Dover, Winchelsea, Appledore, Hamo's Port. Winchester, Silchester, Stonehenge/Salisbury/Amresbury, France/Gaul.
Arthurian has "christian" connections (eg Cross of Christ at Guinnion/Badon, St Stephen at Camelot, St Mary at Guinnion/Badon/Wedale, St Martin at London, St Dubricius, bishop Bawdewin. Christiainity was surely more established in the south-east than in the north-west. There is an important early British/Celtic church at Canterbury.

Half ruled-out, half ruled-in:
East Anglia / Norfolk / Suffolk/Clarence / Iceni:
Arthur fought Saxons "from Germany and every province". East Anglia is in the "Saxon Shore". The Saxons were "between the Wash and the Solent".
The Fens/Fenlands would/could have been a shelter/refuge to Britons according to some sources (refs include Ripley).
Some sources have thought that Cerdiceshore 495/514 was Great Yarmouth rather than in the Portsmouth/Portsland area (ref GYAM).
'Branlant' could be Brancaster/Branodunum?
Sutton Hoo is considered by some researchers to have British rather than Saxon/Swedish traits, eg figure on the helmet is similar to the Long Man in Sussex. "at Sutton Hoo and inscriptions at Staffordshire definitely points to the British".
Sources like History Files give evidence of quite late presence of  Britons at Caer Went (Norfolk).
Walton has evidences of Britons/Welsh there quite late (refs Wiki, etc).
Some think 'Clarence' is Suffolk.
The Glein battle site of Arthur seems to match Great Yarmouth.
"glass vessels were used by the Britons in the 6th century". There is a glass vessel at Burgh (Gariannonum, our Glein battle site).
"Emigration of Angles & Frisians to the Continent 510-555" (Evans).
The name Aurelius Ursicinus "bear" in the Hoxne hoard might be connected with Arthurian (Aurelius Ambrosius, Arthur arth "bear").
"Norfolk has more large Anglo-Saxon cemeteries than the neighbouring East Anglian county of Suffolk".
"The dolichocephali, or long-skulled type of men, who, in part, preceded the English, "have been found abundantly in the Suffolk region of the Littus Saxonicum, where the Celt and Saxon [Englishman] are not known to have met as enemies when East Anglia became a kingdom."" (Grant Allen, 'Early Britain', chapter 7.)
A modern genetic map posted on Apricity forum showed East Anglia less Saxon.
Caerwent in the Lai d Ywenec could possibly be Norwich?
East Anglia doesn't feature in the Bretwaldas list until the 4th a little after Arthur's times.

Half ruled-in, half ruled-out:
East Saxons / Essex / London/Middlesex / Hertfordshire / Trinovantes:
Arthur fought "Saxons", Essex is in the Saxon Shore, East Saxons were in Essex, Middle Saxons were in Middlesex, Saxons ranged "from the Wash to the Solent".
Sources like History Files give evidence of quite late presence of  Britons at Caer Colun / Colchester.
Wheeler's (& Deniker's) Colchester-London-Albans gap/salient of Britons in the south-east (refs Wheeler, Deniker).
"Of Middlesex we know little or nothing". "London ... was apparently ignored".
Essex: "origins of this kingdom are obscure." "did not prove attractive to the early settlers." "... its development late."
"Essex not recorded king until Aescwine 527"?
London (or Othona) is mentioned in the ASC in 457.
Essex is not mentioned in the ASC until 604.
Uther is claimed to have died at "Verulam / St Alban's" (refs HRB).
We have shown that the Dubglas/Linnuis battle site of Arthur can match Othona/Bradwell/Maldon and/or London/Thames.
There were Britons/Welsh still at Caer Colun quite late (ref historyfiles).
London is mentioned in some early traditional Arthurian accounts. "Malory moved Arthur to London".
London is the one major place in Britain where there are roads connecting surrounding areas.
Cadwallon was supposed to be buried at St Martin's church in London according to the HRB.
Lo(n)donesia of Arthurian could be London rather than Lothian.
Camelot has been considered to be linked with Camulodunum/Colchester.
[Does the name "Battaills" nearby Othona/Bradwell recall a battle there?]
[The name Witbrichtesherna/Wigbeorhtshyrn nearby Othona/Bradwell might be connected with Vortigern or Wihtgar(asburh)?]

Ruled-in, part ruled-out:
South Saxons / Sussex / Hastingas / South Downs / Weald:
Arthur fought Saxons, Sussex is in the Saxon Shore, Sussex was territory of the South Saxons.
"Series of conflicts 455-519" (ASC, Brynjulfson).
"Only landings of Saxons on the coast 488-547" (ASC, Evans).
We showed that 1 or 2 of Arthur's battles sites matches 1 or 2 sites in Sussex (Agned/Bregion matches Anderida/Pevensey, Tribruit matches Lemanis/Stutfall/Lympne).
The Weald would/could have been a shelter/refuge to Britons according to some sources (including Evans, AC Doyle).
"Anderida/Pevensey being taken by Aelle is the only record of a [Roman SS] fort being taken by the Anglo-Saxons". (There also might even be some doubt that Andredescester is Anderida?)
"... for neither archaeology nor place-names provide any evidence whatever of early Saxon settlement south of the North Downs." (Evans.)
Lewes may possibly be a British/Celtic name (is disputed among academics/scholars/linguists)?
Sussex "remained a coastal settlement hemmed in by natural boundaries".
"pockets south of the Weald".
"there is no archaeological evidence for occupation by Anglo-Saxons in that area of Sussex between the 5th and 8th century. "
"Sussex disappears from the records after this initial conquest until as late as 685 when its king Æthelwealh died at the hands of the Gewisse."
"... we know nothing of his successors for the next two centuries."
"It is uncertain whether habitation of the fort [Anderida] continued after this event. The fort appears to have been resettled by about the middle of the 6th century by a Saxon community ".
Local tradition of a battle at Cayburn in 488.
"many skeletal remains of young Saxon men buried on Highdown Hill dating from 2nd half of 5th century".
Aelle is not mentioned in Arthurian sources.
"Aelle the Tyrant" is maybe similar to one of the Arthurian kings like Vortigern or Ambrosius Aurelius.
The gap between the Bretwaldas was after Aelle of Sussex.

Ruled-in & partly ruled-out:
Kent/Jutes/Medway / Thanet / Weald/Downs / south-east:
HRB mentions "Thanet" in the Badon chapter.
HRB mentions "Rutupi" in the Camlan chapter. Gawain is supposed to have died at Rutupi.
"Medieval and later pits were also found [at Reculver]."
"The church [at Richborough/Rutupi] was probably built at the end of the 4th century or at the beginning of the 5th century. It seems plausible that the church was built of wood." "there is evidence of a large Roman population here [Richborough] in the early 5th century, some of them worshipping in the Early Christian church discovered in a corner of the fort."
St Martin's church in Canterbury was a British church.
An orthodox scholarly source said that there were "few/little or no Saxon cemetaries in Canterbury".
Kent and Canterbury have British/Welsh names.
"It is by no means impossible that some of the Kentish distinctions are based in part on Romano-British influence.... It is difficult in any other manner to account for the fact that Kent alone preserved a resemblance to its Roman past.... ... may hold a memory of pre-Saxon agricultural arrangements ... due to the presence of peasants of Romano-British descent...."
Arthur fought "Saxons" "from Germany and every province", Kent is in the "Saxon Shore".
Cerdic was interpreter of Hengist in the HB & HRB, which may place Cerdic in Kent/Thanet area.
Collingwood and Jackson and Evans all agreed that the HB's words seem to imply that Arthur was fighting "Saxons" and "specifically Kentishmen" (because the 12 battles are mentioned immediately after talking about Octa and were before or "down to the time of Ida").
"In one Welsh text Arthur is represented as on his way with his whole army to fight an Osla Gyllellvawr (Osla or Ossa of the Big Knife) at Baddon. .... In the Dingestow version of Geoff of Monmouth's HRB it is stated that Ossa was a cousin of 'Otca mab Heingyst', i.e. Octa, son of Hengist. Here we seem to have a tradition that Arthur did fight Octa-Oisc, son of Hengist."
The Jutes/Kentishmen figure as one of the few major people/places involved in the battles action of the 400s and 500s. Kent features in the ASC from 449-473/488 and 552/560-616, while places like Lincoln do not appear until somewhat later.
The Weald would/could have been a shelter/refuge to Britons according to some sources.
Jutish phase 450-500 (Evans).
"Series of conflicts 455-519" (ASC, Brynjulfson) sounds similar to Arthur's battles.
"c460 Saxon victories in the ASC largely confined to coastal areas."
"Period of minimal Saxon activity 466-73."
"ASC silent on Kent 488-565" (Evans).
Frankish influence 510-570 (Evans).
How much do we really know about the Kentish/Jutish kings between Hengist/Horsa and post-Augustine Ethelbert?
Vortigern and Merlin have traditional claimed connection with Chislehurst caves (refs Walker).
We have shown that the 5 of the 9 battle sites of Arthur certainly seem to match 5 sites in Kent.
Kit's Coty house is traditionally considered to be the site of battle where Catigern died.
Hengist [& Octa] were in Linnuis according to the HRB, which is more likely to be our Essex/London than the orthodox Lincoln/Lindsey.
"glass vessels were used by the Britons in the 6th century". There is a glass vessel at Dover (Guinnion).
St "Dyfrig/Dubricius (bishop) of (city of) legions" is connected with either Mandubracius, or Dubris, or Durovernum, or Durobrivae. Dubricius as "chief (arch)bishop of Britain" links with archbishop of Canterbury. Dubricius is near "Thanet" in the Badon chapter of the HRB.
Vortimer and Ethelbert are among the major candidates for being the historical person "(King) Arthur", and both of these persons were in Kent.
Canterbury is mentioned in Arthurian source texts.
"Riculf, king of Norway" in the HRB may match Reculver/Regulbium ("Racuulfe... which stands at the northern mouth of the river Genlade" in Bede).
Arthurian has French/Frankish/Gaulish (& Breton) ties, which means we are looking for an area which is neighbouring/bordering France, and Kent is the best match for this.
Cadwaladr invaded Wight and Sussex and Kent in [661? &] 686 (refs ASC)?
Mintz's paper suggested possible connections between Arthur/Merlin and Ares/Mars and St Martin. There are a few churches of St Martin in Kent in/at or near or connected with our battle sites (including St Martin le Grand in Dover, St Martin's in Canterbury).
"Even in Kent, an area of rich early Anglo-Saxon archaeology, the number of excavated settlements is fewer than expected. However in contrast the counties of Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire are relatively rich in early settlements."
"The name "Eccles" comes from the Latin word "ecclesia" meaning church, suggestions that a post-Roman Christian community existed in the village beyond the Roman withdrawal and into the Saxon period ...."
Kent might be hinted at in some Arthurian names like Kentigern, Gwent. Some think that Kent and Canterbury are from cant "crooked/bent" which some think Camlan is also from. Cadbury in Somerset might be a memory of Canterbury.
Mari Lwyd in Caerleon is similar to Hoodening in Padstow (Petroc's, Cornwall), & in Kent, & in Cheshire.
Not sure if the date of this matches or not but at Burham "a cemetery was found with six skeletons all of whom showed injuries caused by weapons. Three had single long sword cuts to the left side of the skull. The other three had multiple injuries - one had been hit three times on the left side of the skull, another had been hit in the spine by a projectile, either an arrow or a javelin, which probably disabled him and a single sword cut to the head."
Charles P. suggests that "Arthur's war in England was fought in Kent and the East Midlands, perhaps as far north as Lincolnshire, but not in the West Country."
The castle/tower in the Modena Archivolt picture looks somewhat similar to Dover lighthouse (our Guinnion battlesite).
This period in the history of Kent described as "most perplexing problem of the period".
"the crux of the problem of the Jutes in Kent could be resolved if only we could date precisely the archaeological discoveries" ... "we do not know how long the intervals were between the making of one object and the making of another."
"[Those who control the South-East have the main power/hold in Britain]".
"Numerous Saxon cemetaries found at Sarre, Ash, Kingston" might be connected with battles there?
"It is at Cardiff, therefore, on the one hand, and at Richborough on the other, that we must look for the history of Caerleon in the fourth century, and it is possibly in the amphitheatre which lies buried outside the walls of Richborough that the lost century of 'KA's RT' may yet be found."
The city of the legion or "Caerleon" was "2nd Rome. … chief city of the isle of Britain … priveleges & rank … principal Archbishop…." "one of the most important cities in Britain". It was "Arthur's capital" and he "loved & honored Caerleon on the Usk more than any other place". This best matches Rutupi/Richborough which was "their primary station", "became the metropolis", "was of such celebrity that...", "was the station of the 2nd Augustan legion, under the count of the Saxon coast, a person of high distinction", "the primary station of the Romans in Britainnia...", "Watling Street proceeded from Richborough". "there is evidence of a large Roman population here [Richborough] in the early 5th century...." Hawkes etc say that Richborough is one of the best preserved Roman sites in Britain.
St Julius of the city of the Legion pretty surely originates from Julius Caesar who landed at Dover/Deal/Walmer/Richborough/Ebbsfleet where our city of the legion Richborough/Rutupi is located. Gai Campi also seems to originate from Caius Julius Caesar.
According to Hassell, Malory said there was a "great white palace of white marble" at Camelot, and coincidentally the building on top of the large (white) cruciform platform at Richborough was "faced with Italian marbles".

Ruled-in & partly ruled-out:
West Saxons / Gewissae/Wessex / Hampshire/Wight:
Arthurian texts mention Wisseans/Gewissae/Hwicce which is/are connected with West Saxons.
Arthur is stated to have fought "Saxons" "from Germany" (LF, HRB, Jackson, Evans).
The (West) Saxons were between the Wash and the Solent (matching our Saxon Shore) (refs Sayles).
"All indicators, though they are few, suggest that Badon was fought against Saxons and the Saxons were in the extreme southern part of the island." (ref Brynjulfson.)
'Arthur was fighting "Saxons" ... no amount of ingenuity can make Badon, the most probably genuine of them all, anything but a battle against the Saxons or Jutes in southern England" (Jackson, Loomis, Evans)
"Badonis is probably to be looked for somewhere in central southern England." "Badonis is on historical grounds probably somewhere in the south." "... with the probable exception of mons Badonis none of these places is demonstrably in southern Britain." (Jackson.)
"There is no evidence from the 6th century to suggest that Saxon settlement had expanded further north than the southern one-quarter of the island." (ref Brynjulfson.)
Some sources have suggested that Cerdiceshore 495/514 may have been at Great Yarmouth not in the south-west (refs  GYAM), which would have West Saxons ranging from Great Yarmouth to Portsmouth/Portsland like our 9 battle sites.
The West Saxons feature in the ASC from 495 as one of the few major parties involved the battles action in the 500s and 600s.
"Series of conflicts 455-519" (ASC, Brynjulfson) sounds similar to Arthur's battles.
"Only landings of Saxons on the coast 488-547" (ASC, Evans).
"Gap between Bretwaldas 491-560" (ASC).
"No gains gap 519-552 in the ASC" (refs ASC, Brynjulfson).
"Saxons take 57 yrs to advance 25 miles" 495-552 (Evans).
"Winchester" figures in Arthurian sources (HRB, Malory, Winchester RT).
HRB mentions "Hamo's Port" where Hoel sent Arthur assistance, and where Arthur goes to France (refs HRB).
HRB mentions Cheldric in Badon chapter and in Camlan chapter (refs HRB).
Cerdic was interpreter of Hengist in the HB & HRB, which may place Cerdic in Kent/Thanet area.
We have shown that the 9th Badon battle site of Arthur can match Adurni/Portchester.
Battle near Wight and Ashdown and Sussex and Kent in 661 (refs ASC)?
"The Saxons were at its [Dorset's] borders at the beginning of the 6th century, but the British held it until circa 658-710. The ASC records a battle near Somerset or Dorset in 658, which "put the Britons to flight."" Dorset is right next door to Hampshire which is where our Badon site is.
West Saxon king was "driven from his kingdom" at Woddesbeorg 591.
Natanleod or NawCantLeod might be connected with the city of the legion.
"scarcity of pagan Saxon cemetaries in North Hampshire and Wiltshire".
"slight if any early West Saxon occupation of Hampshire and Wiltshire (corroborated by scarcity of West Saxon place-names)".
"And in primitive Wessex, while British names survive in central Hampshire and Wiltshire, it is difficult to find early English place-names except in the tiny Jutish area in the south and in the northern parts... were not numerous enough to displace the natives and lived as a ruling warrior class upon tribute...."
"Cerdic and his retainers were one among several groups of adventurers who made their home in South Hampshire and Wilts without being numerous enough to settle down as farmers. They therefore remained as nomadic fighting force, spoiling and levying tribute from the Britons around them."
"conflict of evidence about the way in which the West Saxons arrived there."
"The Romano-British fields at Church Down in Chalton and Catherington, both in Hampshire, Bow Brickhill, Buckinghamshire, and Havering, Essex, were all ploughed into the seventh century".
"the Breton's lands" in Hampshire 13th cent.?
Some Arthurian scholars believe that Gildas wrote at Portchester (our Badon site) or Chichester.
"suspiciously British names of the [West Saxon] leaders" (eg Caradoc/Ceretic & Cerdic, Hwicce & Gewissae).
An archaeological find near our Badon site was described as "the last resting place of a (perhaps Saxon) local chief"?

Unfortunately i have not always recorded sources/references and we can not always easily remember or find them again, so we can not give chapter/verse/page reference citations for a number of quotes, but we can list a lot of sources/references which we remember using but don't remember the exact matching text parts.
ASC
Brynjulfson, Sheila.
Dark, Ken.
Deniker
Evans, 'Arthurian Campaign'.
Gildas, 'DEB'
GYAM.
Hassell, Alan
Hawkes, Jacquetta
HistoryFiles website
Jackson, Ken, 'Once Again Arthur's Battles'.
Monmouth, Geoffrey of, 'Historia Regum Britanniae'
Procopius
Ripley
Sayles
Wheeler, Mortimer
Wikipedia
Wurdesten.