Tomb of Alexander the Great

The whereabouts of Alexander's body is a mystery. It has not been found in Alexandria were it was supposed to be. There have been over 140 officially recognized search attempts.
Alexander's campaign and empire went from Macedonia and Greece through Asia Minor / Turkey, Syria-Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia/Iraq, Persia/Iran, Bactria/Afghanistan, Transoxania/Turkmenistan, India/Pakistan.
Alexander died in Babylon. He did not want to be buried in Aegae, Macedonia with his father. He wanted to be buried in Siwa (Ammonium) near the border of Egypt & Libya. "The possession of his body became a subject of negotiations between Perdiccas, Ptolemy I Soter, and Seleucus I Nicator." Plutarch said Python of Catana and Seleucus I Nicator were sent to consulted a/the Serapeum regarding whether Alexander's body should be buried in Alexandria, and it answered in the affirmative. "In 321 BC, on its way back to Macedonia, the funerary cart with Alexander's body was hijacked in Syria by one of Alexander's generals, Ptolemy I Soter." Ptolemy I Soter diverted Alexander's body to Egypt where it was interred at Memphis. (Alexander's empire was split up into about four main divisions, one of them was roughly Egypt under the Ptolemies, and another was roughly Syria and Mesopotamia and Iran under the Seleucids.) Later his body was transferred to Alexandria in late 4th or early 3rd cent bc, or in 280 or 274 bc by Ptolemy II Philadelphus. Ptolemy IV Philopator moved the body to the Soma/Sema Mausoleum in the center of Alexandria. The body was in a fitted hammered-gold coffin but later it was changed to a glass or crystal one. So Alexander's body can not be too far from Alexandria.
I considered many areas where Alexander might be buried but I decided that he must be near the Alexandria area. It is unlikely he was taken out of the Ptolemaic Egyptian kingdom area, and unlikely he was moved far from his last known resting place in Alexandria. In looking in and around the Alexandria and environs area it looked like the most likely place was the Pharos. But on further research I found that Taposiris Magna actually looks like the correct location as it has a number of stark matches evidences (see below). These stark matches made me think/feel pretty sure I have found Alexander's tomb/body location there (Taposiris/Abusir).

The tomb of Alexander is probably in/under/ontop of either
1 the temple or "pharos"/tower of Taposiris Magna (Borg el Arab / Abusir), or
2 the Pharos of Alexandria, or
3 the Serapeum, or
4 the Great Caesareum, or
5 Somouha/Smouha,
all of which are in/at/near Alexandria (north-east Egypt).
The 1st one (Taposiris / Borg el Arab / Abusir) seems to be more likely.

1. Evidences for the temple or tower/pharos of Taposiris Magna, Abusir, west/south Alexandria.

Alexander's tomb was in Alexandria.
Taposiris is in Abusir in west/south Alexandria.

"A well-preserved ancient tomb in the town of Abusir, 48 kilometres (30 mi) southwest of Alexandria, is thought to be a scaled-down model of the Alexandria Pharos. .... It dates to the reign of Ptolemy II (285–246 BC)...."
"Near the beach side of the area, there are the remains of a tower built by Ptolemy II Philadelphus (between 280-270)."
Alexander's body was transferred to Alexandria in late 4th or early 3rd cent bc, or in the 280 or 274 bc by Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

The Magna in the name 'Taposiris Magna' means "Great", like the "Great" in "Alexander the Great".

Taposiris means "great tomb of Osiris", and it "is also believed to be the last resting place of Cleopatra", and there is a "necropolis" there, and the Pharos/Tower of Taposiris/Abusir "probably ... was only a funerary monument".
"A well-preserved ancient tomb in the town of Abusir, ..., is thought to be a scaled-down model of the Alexandria Pharos."
So the temple or the pharos/tower of Taposiris/Abusir could be the site of the tomb of Alexander?

The Taposiris temple was constructed by Ptolemy IV Philopator.
Ptolemy IV Philopator was the one to move Alexander's body to the Soma.  

"Calisthenis states that Alexander the Great visited the city (Taposiris/Abusir) on his way to Siwa Oasis (Ammonium)", and we know that Alexander originally wanted to be buried at Siwa.

There are both public and private buildings in the Taposiris area, which might match the Soma "communal" mausoleum of Alexander's tomb?

The Taposiris temple was later used as a Christian church, and some say Alexander's tomb was in a crypt under a church.

Taposiris is in Abusir, west/south Alexandria. There is another Abusir nearby Memphis where Alexander had temporarily been interred before being shifted to Alexandria. (Abusir is not to be confused with Abukir.)

"Early investigations... show that the mummies were buried with their faces turned towards the temple (Taposiris), which means it is likely the temple contained the burial of a significant royal personality", "The discovery of this cemetery (Taposiris) indicates that an important person, likely of royal status, could be buried inside the temple."

Two of the Taposiris mummies are gilded, and they discovered tombs with golden-tongues dating to Greek and Roman periods, and they unearthed golf leaf amulets in the form of tongues placed for the speaking of Osiris in the afterlife, and they found gilded decorations.
Alexander was supposed to be in a coffin of hammered gold, and Cleopatra took gold from his tomb.

In the temple (Taposiris) was "discovered coins depicting the face of Alexander the Great".

"They have found a number of deep shafts inside the temple (Taposiris), three of which seem to have been used for burials."

One of the Taposiris mummies was wearing a crown, decorated with horns, and the cobra snake at the forehead.
Alexander is called Dhul Qarnain "one/two horned" in Arab/Muslim sources, and Alexander "sprang from Zeus/Jupiter/Ammon in the form of a serpent".

Taposiris' name relates to Osiris.
Plutarch says they sought the oracle of the Serapeum about Alexander's burial, and Serapis is supposed to be a combimation of Osiris/Asar & Apis/Hapi.

"The finds from Taposiris reflect a charm that could have captured the hearts of Julius Caesar".
Julius Caesar is supposed to have visited Alexander's tomb.

Taposiris is supposed to be connected with Cleopatra and Mark Antony.
Alexander's tomb is connected with St Mark's in Venice. Cleopatra visited Alexander's tomb, and she supposedly took gold from Alexander's tomb.
(Plutarch is also linked with both Alexander's tomb and Taposiris.)

Taposiris was a "city", and "there must have been a town here (Taposiris) in the Hellenistic period", and Taposiris was a centre for a religious festival,
which might match Alexander's tomb was "in the centre of Alexandria"?

2. Evidences for the Pharos of Alexandria.

The Pharos as a great lighthouse momument and wonder of the world is a suitable memorial of Alexander.

"The lighthouse (Pharos) was constructed in the third century BC. After Alexander the Great died, the first Ptolemy (Ptolemy I Soter) declared himself king in 305 BC, and commissioned its construction shortly thereafter. The building was finished during the reign of his son, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, and took twelve years to complete...."
So the Pharos was built not long after Alexander's death. (Alexander's body was temporarily interred at Memphis in ca 321, and was transferred to Alexandria in late 4th or early 3rd cent bc, or in the 280 or 274 bc by Ptolemy II Philadelphus, though it was supposedly placed in a communal mausoleum (the Soma/Sema) by Ptolemy IV Philopator 221-204.)

Alexander promoted that he was son of Zeus Ammon.
The Pharos had a statue of Zeus on the top. "Al-Masudi wrote in the 10th century that the seaward-facing side featured an inscription dedicated to Zeus."

The Pharos was partly ruined by 1326, which date minus 1000 and switched from ad to bc is almost exactly 1000 yrs after Alexander's death in 323 bc. The 1303 earthquake date is also similar.

St Mark's in Venice is associated with Alexander's tomb.
The Pharos is associated with St Mark.

Alexander's tomb was supposed to be a mosque and to have a pyramidical roof.
The Pharos is sort of pyramidical, and supposedly had a "mosque" on top of it, and "The design of minarets in many early Egyptian Islamic mosques followed a three-stage design similar to that of the Pharos".

"A well-preserved ancient tomb in the town of Abusir, 48 kilometres (30 mi) southwest of Alexandria, is thought to be a scaled-down model of the Alexandria Pharos. .... It dates to the reign of Ptolemy II (285–246 BC), and is therefore likely to have been built at about the same time as the Alexandria Pharos."
So the Pharos of Alexandria could be associated with a tomb like the Abusir model is?

"Strabo specifically located the tomb as adjacent to the palaces (all references to the "center of the city" become dubious therein since recent marine archaeology is now indicating that the palaces were located in what is the present-day harbor of Alexandria!"
So this sounds like it might be near the Pharos?

3. Evidences for the Serapeum (Alexandria) :

Plutarch said they consulted the oracle at the Serapeum regarding whether Alexander's body should be buried in Alexandria.

Alexander's body was temporarily at Memphis before being transfered to Alexandria.
Serapis is also connected with Sakkarah/Memphis.

Serapis is connected with healing and with a sarcophagus under Sakkarah.

4. Evidences for the Great Caesareum (Alexandria) :

Alexander's tomb was in Alexandria. The Great Caesareum is in Alexandria.
Caesar and Alexander are similar.
Great Caesareum and Alexander the Great both have "great" in them.

5. Evidences for Somouha/Smouha (Alexandria) :

The name Somouha/Smouha (in Alexandria) is similar to Soma/Sema (the name of Alexander's mausoleum/tomb in Alexandria)?

Alexander's tomb is supposed to be in a later mosque, and to have a pyramidical roof.
There is/are one or two Muslim mosques in Somouha/Smouha

Unless of course the Romans removed his coffin to Rome. Emperor Trajan identified himself with Alexander, and in the match of the popes list with the emperors liet Pope Alexander 1 matches Trajan. Vespasian was also in Egypt.

Previously I thought Amphipolis/Kasta tomb in Macedonia/Greece might be his tomb ( http://atlantisonline.smfforfree2.com/index.php/topic,34548.0.html ), but that looks unlikely now.
An older post on Alexander's tomb is here
http://www.allempires.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=23327&PID=723777

Some suppose that the body in St Mark's in Venice is Alexander. But this body is more likely Mark Antony.

As to the "tomb of Alexander in Ecbatana (Media)" I don't think this can be Alexander's tomb since he died in Babylon some distance southwest and was taken towards Macedonia and ended up in Egypt.

Location of land of Dilmun

The article is about the quest to locate the land of Dilmun of ancient Mesopotamian legend and records.
Dilmun features in a creation myth involving the god Enki.
Dilmun is a land in the Epic of Gilgamesh which Ziusudra/Utnapishtim the Sumerian/Akkadian Noah was translated to after the Flood/Deluge, and which the hero Gilgamesh travelled over land and sea to visit him at. Fasold thought this Dilmun was in the Ararat/Armenia area.
Some sources say the Sumerians came from Dilmun.
Dilmun, Magan, and Meluhha are also lands which the Sumerians & Akkadians traded with or through by way of the Persian Gulf.
In late ancient times Magan and Meluhha were used for Egypt and Ethiopia.
In the conventionl view Dilmun of Sumerian and Akkadian legend and records is most likely in the borders of the Indian Ocean / Arabian Sea / Red Sea / Persia Gulf somewhere between Mesopotamia and India, or else between Mesopotamia and Egypt. Dilmun is asserted by "conventional consensus experts" to be Bahrein in the Persian Gulf, and Meluhha is asserted to be India or the Indus Valley. However, I majorly dispute these 2 identifications. Another thing I dispute is the narrow mindset that ancient civilisations like Mesopotamia and Egypt only had limited distance regional contacts. I think/feel that ancients had far greater distance contacts than modern skeptics believe, and that we should have a more wide open-minded global view of ancient history and geography. In this article we look at possible alternative candidates for Dilmun (and Magan, and Meluhha) both near and far from Mesopotamia.
I have not yet gone through the candidates and narrowed down which are the most and least likely candidates. But let no one accuse us of "indiscriminately" listing candidates, because we have reasons for each candidate and we know for plenty whether they are more or less likely. (From over ten years experiences I know our critics/rivals/opponents/enemies are always using this and other cunningly lying tactics to falsely discredit us or steal our connections/credit.)
Please note that in this article Atlantis and Peru are the same in my mind. See my Atlantis ebook i which I show that Tiahuanaco certainly matches Atlantis capital city. The biblical Tarshish might also be the same place too.
Also note that we use interchanges or transpositions or prefixes or omissions/dropping with some candidate name matches.

Dilmun is doubted as being Bahrein because:
- Gilgamesh went north (north wind bit into his face).
- Dilmun was in the east/sunrise. Bahrein is not really east of Mesopotamian, though it is south-east.
- Gilgamesh went down into the forest, but one can't go down at sea level in the Bahrein area?
- Dilmun couldn't have been in the Persian Gulf at the time the sea level was lower, because the Gulf would have been land.
- Dilmun was at the mouth (or source) of the rivers. Bahrein is a long way from the mouth of the Euphrates & Tigris. It was even further before the alluvium etended the shore/coast further south. (Nor could one say that it was near the mouth of the rivers when the sea level was lower and the Gulf was land, because the rivers meet each other much further north.)
- Gilgamesh wandered the steppes. Kur Dilmun could mean Mount Dilmun. There are no mountains or steppes in the Bahrein area.
- It seems maybe abit odd that there was both an Akharru "behind/hind" in Syria-Palestine (west side of Arabia), and an Agaru/Akarum in the Kuwait/Bahrein area (east side of Arabia)?
- Dilmun had a great fortified place of the gods, but there doesn't seem to be any such remains in the Bahrein area? (Source says only 172000 graves, and local population, and numbers of Bronze Age settlements, and ruins under the Gulf.)
- Gilgamesh visited Ziusudra/Utnapishtim the "Sumerian/Akkadian Noah". Noah in the Bible was in the Ararat area and not in the Bahrein area.
- Gilgamesh travelled the Harran ilu Shamash "road of the sun". This might mean east or west or by way of Haran/Harran. Bahrein is not really east of Mesopotamian, nor is it west, nor is it anywhere near Haran.
- "As of 2021, archaeologists have failed to find a site in existence during the time from 3300 BC (Uruk IV) to 556 BC (Neo-Babylonian Era), when Dilmun appears in texts. According to Hojlund, no settlements exist in the Gulf littoral dating to 3300–2000 BC."
- Dilmun was a "land". Bahrain is only a small island.
- Dilmun was beyond the sea. Bahrain is in the Persian Gulf.

Dilmun details from the various ancient sources:
- Names:
(Kur) Dilmun/Dilman/Tilmun/Telmun(-na/ki) ("mount") "land of missles" ("city/land").
Pu-land (alternative reading/name for Dilmun).
Ni-duk-ki/Ni-tuk-ki / I-tuk-ki / Iatu/Ia-tuk-ki / Iau-tuk-ki/Itu-land-ka "land mouth" (alternative reading/name for Dilmun).
Dur-mah-ilani "great fortified place of the gods" (in the land of Dilmun).
Agaru/Akarum (the region west of Dilmun or of Bahrein)?
"Land of the Living" (another name used for it)?
- Location details/directions:
"faraway/distant"?
a foreign land, in the east/sunrise.
place where Shamash/Sun rises.
"30 parasangs/double-hours or 40 leagues away in the midst of the sea of the rising sun", from Saglat in Bit-yakin on the Elamite border, had to be arrived at by boat.
to the north (north wind bit face, Epic of Gilgamesh).
at the mouth or source of the rivers (Epic of Gilgamesh).
Gilgamesh went down into the forest (Epic of Gilgamesh).
Gilgamesh wandered the steppes (Epic of Gilgamesh).
Gilgamesh travelled the Harran (ilu) Shamash (Epic of Gilgamesh)."road/path/way/track of the sun (god)" (Epic of Gilgamesh).
Gilgamesh had to pass through Mt Mashu "twin peaks" to reach Dilmun (Epic of Gilgamesh).
was a source of copper.
was a trade partner/entrepot.
was originally a holy/pure/virgin land.
connected with Meluhha (and Magan).
was one of eight nagu regions beyond the surrounding sea.
- Deities/gods/pantheon:
Inzak/Enzag/Enshag/"Nabu"? (Insakh/Enlil?)
Enki/Ea (Nudimmud)?
Lord of Dilmun
Ziusudra
Shamash
Muati/Wuati
Meskilak (Ninsikila/Ninhursaga?)
Nin-dilmun
Lahamun/"Sarpanitu"
Suluhitu?
Panipa
Ninsikila/Ninhursaga
Ninlil
- Kings/rulers:
Ziusudra/Utnapishtim/Atrahasis
Rimum
Yagli-el
Sumulel servant of Inzak of Akarum
Laula Panipa?
Usiananuri
Ili-ippasra?
Operi/Uperi
Hundaru I
Qena
Hundaru II.
- Periods when mentioned in Mesopotamian:
Ziusudra/Utnapishtim/Atrahasis "27th" cent bc
Uruk IV "3300" bc (or late "3rd" millenium bc?)
Gilgamesh/Izdubar/Namratsit
EDP III / Urnanshe/Urnina "2550-2500/2300" bc
Sargon I" 2371-2316" bc
Ibbisin "2028" bc
Sealand I dyn / Eagamil
Kassites / Burnaburiash II "1370" bc
Middle Assyrian "1250-1050"
Neo-Assyrian / Sargon II
Neo-Babylonian / Nabonidus 567/556/538 bc
Persians
Hellenistic.

Magan details:
- Names:
Magan/Makkan "ships/boats"
- Location details/directions:
was a source of copper and diorite.
had mountains.
connected with Meluhha (and Dilmun).
reached via the Lower Sea.
- Deities/gods:
Lord of Magan.
- Kings/rulers:
Mannu-dannu/Manium "mighty".
- Periods when mentioned in Mesopotamian:
"2600-2000" bc
Sargon I "2371-2316" bc ("2300" bc or "23rd" cent bc)
Manish-tusu
Naram-sin
Gudea
Ur-nammu "2113/2100-2096" bc
Esarhaddon 673
Ashurbanipal 643 bc
550 bc.

Meluhha details:
- Names:
Melahha/Milukha/Meluhha(-ki) ("country").
- Location details/directions:
a foreign land.
had mountains.
blocks of lapis lazuli and carnelian came from Meluhha.
red/speckled dog.
was within Parahshum/Marhashi, or contact/connection with Marhashi.
seems to be to the east.
connected with Magan (and Dilmun).
had a different language requiring an interpreter.
- Kings/rulers:
Abalgamash?
...ibra
- Periods when mentioned in Mesopotamian:
Sargon I "2371/2334-2316/2279" bc
Rimush
Naramsin "2254-2218" (or "2200" bc)
Gudea "21st" cent bc
Shulgi/Shamugin/Dungi
Ibbi-sin
"1760" bc
Esarhaddon 673
Ashurbanipal 643.
Achaemenid
Hellenistic / Seleucid / Antiochus IV Epiphanes.

Lists of candidate name/meaning and/or nature matches.

(Kur) Dilmun/Dilman/Tilmun/Telmun(-na/ki) ("mount") "land of missles" ("city/land"):
Mesopotamian: Hilmu? Elymais? Tilla? Tel(l) al-Lahm (Kuara/Kisiga)? Umm Daleimin  (Shatt-el-Arab/Qurnah/Basra/Marsh Arabs)? Tilgarimu? Tummul/Dauhma? Ma'din (Marsh Arabs, metathesis/transposition, l/n interchange)?
Arabian: Telmelah/Thelme (near Persian Gulf, Ptolemy)? Dalma (UAE)?
Sinbad? Oman? Ad Dammam?
Iranian: Qeshm? Kerman? Dilmakan (Tabriz/Kerman, Persia/Azrbaijan)? Deylaman/Dilman (Gilan, Iran)? Dailam/Tabaristan/Gilan? Deylamites (between Gilan & Tabaristan, Alborz)? Daylam (Mazandaran, Iran)? Damavand? Bandar(-e)_De(y)lam (Elam)? Deylam (Khuzistan)? Mt Suleiman?
Helmand (Afghanistan)?
Indian: Tamil/Dravidian (metathesis)? Dilmah? Dholavira? Delhi? Munda? Mu? Dalai Lama? Silem (India)? Indus Seals? Dilipa? Ir-la-man (Indus Seal, Waddell)? jar-tila "wild sesame"?
Indonesian: Timor? Taiwan?
Biblical: Elam? Salem? Adam? Teman? Dalmanutha? Eden? Nod? Nimrod (read in reverse direction, l/r interchange, transposed vowels)?
Phoenician/Canaanite: Sidimus? Sad-el?
Peruvian: Illimani (Peru)?
Classical: Atlantis? Dimini? Tylos? Thule? Danubian? Olympos? Delphi? Lemnos? Dalmatia?
Roman: Lemur?
Celtic/British: Dylan/Endil? Lemanis? Dolmen? Diluvian?
Mexican: Olman/Olmec? Tlam? Mu? Tulan?
Mormon: Laman (Mormon)?
Egyptian: Helwan?
Ethiopian: Menelik?
Transcaucasian: Medzamon/Metsamor? Urmia? Dilman (Agsu/Asgu Rayon, Azerbaijan)? Dilmady (Astara, Azerbaijan)?
Central Asian: Turkmen? Tarim Basin (Sinkiang)?
Unsorted: Dailamites/Dimli (near Tigris, Anatolia)?
Gelam? Telalon?

Pu-land (alternative reading/name of Dilmun) :
Egyptian: Punt? Buto?
Biblical: Phut/Put?
Italian: Po?
Indian: Punjab? Puru?
Phoenician: Punic (Carthage)?
Peruvian: Puma Punku? Putuni? Puno? Pirua/Peru? Poopo?

Ni-duk-ki/Ni-tuk-ki / I-tuk-ki / Iatu-land / Ia-tuk-ki / Iau-tuk-ki/Itu-land-ka "land mouth" (alternative reading/name of Dilmun) :
Indian: Indus? Yadu?
Egyptian: Itur/Iatur/Atur/Itru "Nile"? Neter "adze"? Nile/Nilus? Nitocris?
Classical/Egyptian/Atlantean: Atlantis?
Biblical: Hiddekel/Tigris? Nod?
Peruvian: Tiaguanaco/Tiahuanaco/Tiwanaku?
(Note the similarity of Iatu.../Iatuk... and Tiagu.../Tiahu... by minor transposition of the ia & t. Also maybe note the intriguing similarity of Iatu-land/Itu-land and Atlantis.)

Dur-mah-ilani "great fortified place of the gods" (in the land of Dilmun) :
Classical: Troy/Ilos? Atlantis capital city? Tarsus?
Peruvian: Illimani (Peru)?
Mesopotamian: Dur-ash-ki-gal ("fortress", "great city", great fortified city, remote, in west, beyond or to north of Egypt)? Dur-ili/Dur-ilu(-ki-gal) (remote, in west, beyond or to north of Egypt)? Darala/Urashla/Ebla? Der? Dur city?
Biblical: Tarshish? Dor?
(Note maybe only one place in the world best matches the descriptions of great city, great fortified city, great fortified place of the gods. That place is Atlantis capital city which we locate at Tiahuanaco/Tiwanaku.)

Agaru/Akarum (region on west of Dilmun or of Bahrein) :
Mesopotamian: Akharru "behind" (Syria-Palestine)? Tell Abraq? Tell Agram/Aqram?
North African / Arabian: Maghreb?
Portuguese / Arabian: Algarve?
Biblical: Hagar? Horeb? Agur?
Phoenician/Canaanite: Ugarit? Agrotes?
Egyptian: Kharu (Syrian)? Aaru/Aalu?
Classical: Icarian? Carian?
Celtic: Avalon?
Indian / Central Asian: Agartha/Agarthi? Agudu (Indus Seals, Waddell)?
Arabian: Aqaba? Arab?
Transcaucasian: Agsu/Asgu Rayon (Azerbaijan)?
crab?

Maeshgan/Makkan / Maganna/Magan(ki) "ships/boats" :
Mesopotamian: Ma'dan (Marsh Arabs)? Mashtan island?
Arabian: Mahra? Macae? Makse? Mecca? Maan (Petra)? Majnoon (Noah)? Magalani? Makna/Magani/Maknawis or Maqla (Midian, nw Saudi Arabia)? Main (Yemen)?
Egyptian: Mafkat (turquoise-stone land)? Ma/Meshwesh? Maxy(c)es? Wadi Magharah?
Biblical: Magog? Maacah? Magdala?
Phoenician: Magos (Phoenician)?
Iranian: Maka/Makran/Myci (Iran)? Hamadan? Magi? Samarkand?
Central Asian: Takla Makan (Tarim/Sinkiang)?
Transcaucasian: Macrones (Armenia)? Dilmakan (Tabriz/Kerman, Persia/Azrbaijan)?
Mexican/Mesoamerican: Amag-dan/Maya(n)?
Greek: Mycenae? Atlantis (ships/boats)?
Indian/Indo-Chinese/Indonesian: Malaga? Naga? Magadha? Mekong?
Celtic: Mabon?
Peruvian: Manco Capac?
Unsorted: Tamajan? Atlantis/Peru (ships/boats)?

(Kur) Milukhkha/Melugga/Meluhha/Melahha/Meluhha(-ki) ("country") :
Persian Gulf: Failaka? Melangitso?
Indian/Pakistan/Indonesia: Malaga? Malabar? Moluccas? Mleccha? Sumeru/Meru? Baluchistan? Malaya? Malacca? Maldive? mel-akam "highland country"? ellu "sesame (oil)"? Mehrgarh?
Biblical: Amalek? Emlak/Havilah? Moloch?
Phoenican: Malah (Phoenician sea/sailor/ship god)?
North African: Morocco/Marakesh?
Ethiopian/Sudan/Egypt: Meroe? Menelik?
Anatolian/Asia/Turkey: Lukka/Lycian? Wilusa (Troy)? Meropis?
Mexican: Mexica (Aztecs)? America?
Peruvian: Peru? Manoa (Eldorado)?
Maori/Polynesian: Manuka? Milu/Miru?

pi narate "mouth (or source) of the rivers" (Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Greek/Egyptian/Atlantean: Atlantis city (where ditch and channels all run down to)?
Phoenician/Canaanite: Sad-El dwelling of El at mouth of rivers?
Biblical: 4 rivers of Eden?
Mesopotamian: Nar (Euphrates)? Nairi?

Harran (ilu) Shamash "road of the sun (god)" (Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Transcaucasian: Arran?
Mesopotamian: Haran/Harran?
Biblical: Shem? Haran?
Peruvian: Route of Viracocha? Gateway of the Sun?

Mt Mashu "twin peaks" (Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Mesopotamian: Mt Amasis/Masis/Baris/Abaris? Mt Nimush/Nisir? Masu/Bar "hero"? Sumasti/Subartu/Suedin?
Indian: Meru? Pas(h)u "beasts/cattle"? Manu?
Peruvian: Macchu Picchu?
Biblical: Mash/Meshech? Damascus?
Egyptian: Ma/Meshwesh (Sea Peoples)? Tamahu? Mt Manu? Amsu (Min)?
Libyan: Maxy(c)es?
Chinese/Manchurian: Manchu?
Roman: Mars/Mas?
Transcaucasian: Mahser/Mahsur (Dogubayzit or Agri Dag / Mt Ararat area)?
Unsorted: Masooleh? Mashoof?

Gilgamesh went "down" into the forest (Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Transcaucasian: Seas of Transcaucasia area (Van, Urmia, Sevan, Gokcha)?

"in the midst of the sea", had to be arrived at by boat:
Classical/Egyptian/Atlantean: Atlantis?
Biblical: Tarshish "in the heart of the seas" (27:25)? Babylon (sits amidst waters, Revelation)?

holy/pure/virgin land:
Indian: Indus Valley?
Biblical/Israeli: Eden? Holy Land (Palestine/Israel)?

Ninsikila (Ninhursaga) :
Dilmunite/Mesopotamian: Meskilak?
Indian: Kali? Shakti?

Meskilak:
Mesopotamian: Ninsikila?
Indian: Kali? Shakti?
Slavic: Mjesjac?
Mexican: Mexica/Mexico? Metztli?

Inzak/Enzag/Enshag:
Mesopotamian: Insakh/Enlil? Itak/Ztak/Isum?
Transcaucasian: Endzak (Armenian patriarch/king)? Gandzak(-Shahastan)? Gendzakh?
Indian: Indra? Indu?
Biblical: Enoch? Isaac?
Irish: Indech?
Peruvian: Inca?

Enki (Enkig/Ea/Nudimmud) :
Indian: Agni?
Mesopotamian: Anakki/Akki?
Biblical: Cain?
Peruvian: Inti?

Lahamun ("Sarpanitu") :
Mesopotamian: Lahamu? Tel(l) al-Lahm (Kuara/Kisiga)?
Indian: Lakshmi?
Elamite: Lagamal/Lagamari?

Suluhitu (spouse of Inzak) :
Indian: Sarasvati?
Mesopotamian: Sarra Itu?

Gilgamesh/Bilgames / Izzaxgamesh / Izdubar / Namratsit (Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Biblical: Elam? Gomer? Ham? Lamech? Kedorlaomer? Nimrod? James/Jacob? Shem? Japheth? Isaac?
Mesopotamian: Bel? Masu?
Classical: Hercules? Hermes? Ganymede?
Peruvian: Viracocha?
Mexican: Quetzalcoatl?
Indian: Kama? Bhima? Ganesha?
Iranian: Gayomart?
Unsorted: Gegham/Gelam?

Sabit / Siduri (cupbearer, by seashore, Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Mesopotamian: Ishtar?
Biblical: Siddim? Sidon? Sheba?
Indian: Savitri/Savitar? Sri(devi)? Sapta Sindhu?
Transcaucasian/Iranian: Tabriz? Tabaristan? Cordyene/Kurd? Curid? Siunia? Teyseba/Tsuinia (Gohcha/Sevan)? Safid (Caspian)? Sabalan? Cizre?
Iranian: Shiraz?
Egyptian: Surid?
Hittite: Hebat?
Arabian: Cudi/Judi?
Scythian: Tabiti (Scythian goddess)?
Germanic: sister?

Manium/Mannu-dannu (king of Dilmun, versus Naramsin) :
Egyptian: Menes?
Peruvian: Manco Capac?
Norse/German: Mannus? Dan/Danus?
Indian: Manu?

Upir/Uperi/Operi (king of Dilmun or of Bahrein) :
Biblical: Ophir?
Arabian: Ubar?
Indian: Kuvera/Kubera? Pamir?
Maori/Polynesian: Kupe?
Peruvian: Peru?
Egyptian/Syrian/Mesopotamian: Upe?

120 poles of Gilgamesh, 12 tablets Epic of Gilgamesh (Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Classical: 12 pillars of Hercules? 12 labours Hercules? 12 intended books Homer?
Germanic: long hundred (120)?

Ziusudra / Ut-napishtim/Shamash-napishtim / Atrahasis/Hasisatra (Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Indian: Dyaus (Pitar)?
Biblical: Noah? Shem? Japheth? Yeshua/Jesus?
Classical: Deucalion? Zeus? Poseidon (Atlantis)?
Iranian: Zarathustra/Zoroaster/Zerdust?

Ur-shanabi (Urhea? ferryman, Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Biblical: Shem?
Transcaucasia: Oshnoviyeh?
Indian: Varuna?
Japanese: Urashima?
Classical: Uranus? Charon?

Aqrabu-amelu / Girtab-lullu "scorpion men" (Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Mesopotamian: Akharru "behind" (Syria-Palestine)? Tell Agram/Aqram?
Dilmunite/Mesopotamian: Agaru?
Portuguese/Arab: Algarve?
North African / Arab: Maghreb?
Arabian: Aqaba? Arab?
Biblical: locust-scorpions (Revelation)?
Transcaucasian: Agsu/Asgu Rayon (Azerbiajan)? Kurds "guardians"?
crab?

in/to the east/sunrise (Nar Marratu / Persian Gulf / Red Sea / Indian Ocean) or where Shamash rises:
There was a reversal of compass/cardinal points/directions one or more times in ancient history as attested in Herodotus and some other sources.
The Egyptians and Arabs/Muslims had south as top/up.
Mesopotamians might have confused Amurru (Mediterranean) and Marratu (Persian Gulf / Indian Ocean), since Akkadian Amurru matches Sumerian Martu/Matu? Waddell has Iatuland/Puland (Dilmun) and Durash in the upper? sea (Mediterranean/Atlantic), not the lower sea. Durash is "in the west, beyond or to north of Egypt".
In Sumerian/Akkadian Suedin/Subartu was supposed to be in the east, but Suedin might match Sodom/Siddim. Semites had east as front, west as behind/back.
Shamash might be biblical Shem.
Since the Earth is a globe one could reach Atlantis/Peru on the other side of the world from Mesopotamia by travelling either west (Atlantic) or east (Indian & Pacific oceans) or south (Antarctic).
Japan "land of the rising sun"?

waters of death (Epic of Gilgamesh), &/or lower sea (Nar Marratu / Persian Gulf / Indian Ocean) :
Mesopotamian: Nar Marratu / Persian Gulf / Indian Ocean? Mesopotamians might have confused Amurru (Mediterranean) and Marratu (Persian Gulf / Indian Ocean), since Akkadian Amurru matches Sumerian Martu/Matu? Waddell has Iatuland/Puland (Dilmun) and Durash in the upper? sea (Mediterranean/Atlantic), not the lower sea. Durash is "in the west, beyond or to north of Egypt".
Biblical: Dead Sea? The Flood? Waters Below (Genesis 1)? Sea of Galilee?
Classical/Atlantean/Atlantic/American: Atlantic Ocean?
Transcaucasian: Seas of Transcaucasia (Van, Urmia, Sevan, Gokcha)?

garden of Shamash/sun (Epic of Gilgamesh) :
Salmas? Shavarsh? Shamakhy (Azerbaijan)? Tell Shemshara / Mat Utem land of gate keeper (Zab)?
Shamakha? Shemshak? Tangeh Savashi? Shemsdin? Semdinli? Tamajan?

garden/grove of the gods (Epic of Gilgamesh) :
The area of the cities of the plain was like the garden of the lord (Sodom, Genesis)? Garden of Eden?

(End of candidates lists.)

It looks quite possible that either Dilmun, or Dur-mah-ilani or Dur-ash or Dur-ilu, or Magan, or Meluhha is connected with Atlantis/Tiahuanaco (Peru). Consider these points in recap:
- Dilmun and Magan are connected with ships/boats. Atlantis is also linked with ships/boats.
- Dilmun was "faraway", and/or Dur-ash or Dur-ilu was "remote". Atlantis is most remote/distant in Plato and Diodorus Siculus. Peru is very distant.
- The name Iatukki is similar to the first half of Tiahuanaco (our Atlantis city site). The name Iatu-land is also maybe similar to Atlantis?
- Dilmun was in the midst of the sea. Atlantis seems to be similar. The biblical Tarshish was also in the heart of the sea(s), and Tarshish has similarities with Atlantis too.
- Dur-mah-ilani or Dur-ash or Dur-ilu as a "great fortified place of the gods" or "great fortified city" or "great city" or "fortress" sounds too much like Atlantis city.
Dur-mah-ilani or Dur-ash? or Dur-ilu? might also be connected with Tarshish, and Tarshish has similarities with Atlantis too.
- Waddell's text has Iatuland/Puland/Dilmun in the Upper Sea not the Lower Sea. Dur-ash or Dur-ilu (Dur-mah-ilani?) being "in the west, beyond or north of Egypt" well fits Atlantis/Tiahuanaco in the Atlantic.
- There are candidate matches for the names Dilmun/Iatukki/Puland, Magan, Meluhha in the Peru area where we place Atlantis city (eg Illimani, Manco, Peru).
- The waters of death that Gilgamesh travelled over to get to Dilmun might be the Atlantic?
- Mt Mashu is similar to Macchu Picchu. Or, Mashu "twin peaks" could match the 2 peaks Illimani and Illampu/Sorata which Tiahuanaco is situated in relation to?
- Dilmun's situation at Pi Narate "mouth/source of the rivers" could match Atlantis city where the ditch and channels of the large plain all run down to.
- 120 poles of Gilgamesh and 12 tablets of Epic of Gilgamesh may link with 12 pillars of Hercules and 12 labours of Hercules. Atlantis is associated with the Pillars of Hercules.
- Dilmun as being originally a holy/pure/virgin land might match Atlantis as a sacred isle or royal island or golden land, and might match Peru at the time Tiauanaco/Atlantis city was founded.
- Dilmun was 30 parasangs from Mesopotamia.
Tarshish is linked with "a sea 2000 parasangs wide". Tarshish has similarities with Atlantis.
- The Indus Valley civilisation might have been like a big intermediate ships/boats trading port/post/depot? The Indus Script is similar to the Easter Island script not far from Peru.

For our previous theorised locations of Dilmun a number of years ago see http://www.allempires.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=33726 .

References/sources / acknowledgments:
Ashurbanipal 'Rassam Cylinder'
Atlantipedia
Alan Alford Gods of the New Millenium
Anonymous 'Babylonian & Assyrian Lieterature'
Black & Green Gods, Demons & Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia
Geoffrey Bibby Looking for Dilmun
Boffin
Bahrein National Museum
British Museum
Vlad Sean Bambrough / "Arthur-Robin" allempires forum topic
Stan Deyo?
Delitzsch
Epic of Gilgamesh
Enki & Ninhursaga poem/saga
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
Editors of Time-Life Books
David Fasold Discovery of Noah's Ark
Eduard Glasser
Teresa Howard-Carter
Thor Heyerdahl
Dora Jane Hamblin
Hojlund
Indus Valley Seals
Thorkild Jacobsen
Michael Jordan Encyclopedia of Gods
Leonard W King Legends of Babylon & Egypt
LW King & HR Hall
SN Kranmer
G Maspero
Walter Mattfeld http://www.bibleorigins.net/
Asko Parpola
GL Possehl
Readers Digest Vanished Civilizations
H Rawlinson History of Phoenicia
Zecharia Sitchin
'Sharrukin' posts in allempires forum
Smithsonian Magazine vol 18 no 2
Durand Stone
Urnanshe/Urnina plaque or Votive relief of Urnanshe
Barbara Walker Womens Encyclopedia of Myths & Secrets
LA Waddell Makers of Civilization
Wikipedia
Juris Zarins.

Addenda: 

We will just add our candidates for the location of the land of Punt in Egyptian records.

Punt (Pweni/Puanit/Pwene/Pwenet/Pwnt/P-wn-n-t land, Ta-netjer/Neterto "holy/divine/god's land", Khenthennefer) :

African:
Funj/Fung (Sudan)?
Ha-fun (Horn of Africa, Rohl)? Opone/Pano (Somalia)? Puntland (Somalia)?
Peninj (East Africa)?
Pwani (Tanganyika/Tanzania)? Pondo (South Africa)? Ba-ntu "men"? Mbuti/Mbutu Pygmies?
Benin?
Punic (Carthaginian/Phoenician)? Putiya/Putaya ("Libya", Persian)?
Z-a_puna_q(m) (Egyptian/Phoenician inscription)? Pool of Pant? Fent/Shent/Khent ("upper/south" Egypt)?
Phut/Put ("Libya", Genesis 10)? Pul (African place, Isaiah 66, l/n interchange)? Ophir?

Asian:
Phoenician? Punic (Phoenician/Carthaginian)? Z-a_puna_q(m) (Egyptian/Phoenician inscription)?
Phut/Put ("Libya", Genesis 10)? Punon/Phunon/Pinon (Edom/Arabia/Sinai, Numbers 33)? Pul (African place, Isaiah 66, l/n interchange)? Ophir? Pleti/Pelethites (during David's reign in Bible, l/n interchange)?* Nod (P- prefix)? Ha-saponi "northerners" (Jewish)?*
Punjab? Pundarika "great lotus" (ancient Indian king)? Pani(s)? Poona (India)? Pune (India)? Panchala (ancient Indian dynasty)? Pandyan(s) (India)?
Pu-land/Dilmun?* Uan/Oannes? Meso-potamia?
Untae (Urartian/Indus goddess, ref Hrozny)? Van (lake, Urartu/Armenia)?
Nippon/Japan?
Phoenix (east/Arabia/Asia/India)? Pontus (Asia Minor)?

European:
Phoenix (east/Arabia/Asia/India)? Pontus (Asia Minor)?
Po river? Pontiff(ex)? Pompeii/Pompey? Faunus/Pan? Venice?
Portugal?
pond? pound? pint? Puck (Robin Goodfellow)? pony? point? pot/pottery?

American:
Puno (Peru)? Punin (Ecuador)? Pumapunku (Tiahuanaco)?
Pawnee (Amerind)? Pano(an)?

Oceanic/Pacific:
Papua(n) (New Guinea)?
Ponape (Nan Madol/Metaranimu/Metalanim, Caroline Is)? Epuni (NZ Maori)?

 

* Pu-land/Dilmun might be in South America or Atlantis and not in Asia?

* Origins of Pleti/Pelethites and Ha-saponi uncertain but they apparently might be from Mediterranean or Europe.

Shroud of Turin

 The Shroud of Turin is certainly a fake.

- "Jews didn't bury with a shroud and Veronica like that, they used one lower covering body, and used a face knapkin/kerchief".
The bible definitely says it is a fake. Matthew says a linen cloth, Mark says some/the linen cloth, Luke says linen cloth, but John says strips of linen and a face cloth both for Lazarus and Jesus (similar to Egyptian mummies), and also "the linen" for Jesus, and he further adds "take off the grave clothes" for Lazarus. So its definitely a fake. (Though I haven't checked the Greek interlinear version, only English translations.) Also there is not trace in/on the shroud of the oils and spices that Joseph and Nicodemus are said to have used.
 

- The head/face/hair features are not Jewish and not "marred more than any man" (pulled out beard, all the wounds), and "dead bodies don't bleed"? "Gaunt face" etc doesn't sound like Jesus.
(Wonder who the face is? Looks like a Roman nose maybe.)
 

- dating is only 1200s-1300s, and although carbon dating is not reliable it usually gives older dates not younger ones. It cant be traced before 1300s/1400s, or 11th cent based on art-historical grounds, or even if it is same as Edessa one then not before 600s, or if really connected with Edessa/Abgarus then not before then. The Pilate coins on eyes are now supposed to be false.
 

- right arm is too long ("impossible").
 

- fabric is too late and doesn't match the time and place?
 

- If it is authentic why would God allow it to be in hands of the harlot Babylon and allow it have been partly burnt? Why does Catholic church hold an undediced either way view? Bible doesn't say anything about it after the ca 30s ad events unless hidden in skip code.
 

- Roman "christians" are well known for faking or mixing/disguising/substituing things like saints, holy days, popes list, etc. Perhaps the names "Jesus" or "St John" or "Jehohanan" or "Peter" or "Veronica" or "Turin" or "Edessa" or "Sindone" or "Lituus" (astrologers staff) or "IOU" etc might point to origin.
"Why would they who hated and trying to destroy it fake evidence for it?" As a form of clever cunning "join them" and mixture and hijacking (wolves in sheeps clothing) and anti-christ and "contempt for Christianity" and secret identity disgusied as "replacing pagan with christian", and pride/owning for being the crucifiers. Eg their "Peter" is really Nero or Caesar and/or Liber Pater or Jupiter.
 

- Why would God/Jesus want image to appear on shroud? What purpose?
 

- The imprinting of a persons image on a cloth seems against laws of science and seems unprecedneted. (Meaning either a fake or freak or supernatural/divine.)
 

- How did it last so well over 2000 years?
 

- It seems to conflict with Wyatt's alleged Ark and blood finds and prophecies, and although Wyatt's are also disputed they are more likely truthful than the Roman shroud.