Evidences for Moses found in Egypt

 This article gives our matches evidences for the events of the book of Exodus in the bible matching the (6h? &) 12th (& 13th?) dynasty of ancient Egypt rather than the conventional 19h dynasty placement.

(Contents:)

New king match
Slaves match
Bricks match
Name & person Moses match (& Not a pharaoh/king match) *
Daughter of pharaoh match
Mother of Moses match *
Elim match
Sinai match
Chariots/horses match
Goshen match
Hebrews match *
Babies massacre match
Pithom match
Rameses match
480 years match
Treasure cities match
3 reincarnations match
Ethiopian wife match
Heliopolis match
Zoan match
Pharaoh match
Pharaoh drowned in sea match
Slain firstborn match
Moses' mateh "rod/staff" match
The exodus match
40/80/120 years match
Mixed multitude match
Og of Bashan match
Law giver match
Shiphrah & Puah match
Aaron match
Not by way of the Philistines match
Dates match *

(Note the asterisked ones we may have a few more bits and pieces to still add in future editions.)

New king match:
Exodus says a new king who knew not Joseph arose.
We place Moses in the (6th? and) 12th (and 13th?) dynasty.
The 12th dynasty is a new Kingdom (Middle Kingdom), new capital (Thebes/Itjtawy), new dynasty, and new king.
The Amenemhet 1 took the name Wehem-meswet "repeater of births" "implying that he was first in a new line".
Some assert that Exodus implies that the new king is immediately before Moses and the exodus which would mean that the pharaoh of the exodus would have to be he first king of the dynasty. But the bible doesn't say how long or short there was between the new king who knew not Joseph and the pharoah of the exodus.

Slaves match:
Exodus says the Hebrews were in slavery making bricks for pharaoh's cities.
The Hebrew slaves who made bricks for Pithom & Raamses do not match the Apiru who hauled stone for the city Piramses and who allegedly "dropped tools and fled" in the 19th dynasty. The Apiru are stated to have been senen "knights" unlike the Hebrew shepherds.
Matches instead with our 12th dynasty placement of Moses:
The pectoral of queen Mereret possibly has picture of Asiatic slaves doing similar work.
 

(Note we have removed this bit since it turns out on checking that it is18t dynasty not Middle Kingdom:
"A painting from the tomb of Rekhmire in Beni Hasan from "the patriarchal period" ie Middle Kingdom (though another source says it is from the reign of Tuthmosis III?) shows him in charge of public works with one detail showing the macking of bricks, with light  skinned workmen. "A comparison with the dark-skinned overseers shows that the fair skinned workmen are probably Semites". It has one of the overseers saying "the rod is in my hand" & "be not idle". Although the scene in the picture is of the building of the temple of Amun in Thebes, it still dates to the same time as the other evideces for our placement of Moses in the 12th dynasty.")

Bricks match:
The Hebrews were in slavery making bricks for pharaoh's buildings.
Brick buildings are most prominent in the 1st Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom. Excellent 12th dynasty examples are seen at Lahun, Buhen, and Dahshur.
In addition the Hebrews had to make bricks without straw, and this might have a match in that some of the 12th dynasty brick buildings are in a somewhat fallen apart state?

Moses match:
We searched all through dynastic Egyptian history and the only time that seems to best fit the times of Exodus is the (6th? and) 12th (and 13th?) dynasty. In this period we have found some possible candidate matches for the person Moses:
Rimush/Mush (Akkadian, "6th dyn")?
Pepi 2 & Pepi 1 (6th dynasty).
The obliterated names of sons of Hatshepset daughter of Amenemhet 2.
The "he is not my son, he is not born to me" of Senusret III.
Mes in the pectoral of Sit-hathor-yunet.
"Moeris"?
Amenemhet IV
Mermesha/Imyremeshaw (13th dyn)
[...]mosre (13th dyn)
Mesh of the 'amelut sagaz Mesh' "people of the rebel Mesh" in the Amarna letters.
The names Wehem-meswet and Netcher mesut of the 12th dynasty also contain the same word mes.
 

Mes: Reasons why Mes in the pectoral might match Moses are:
- The pectoral belonged to a princess (like the daughter of Pharaoh who found & adopted Moses).
- The kneeling figure is within a prominent Mes glyph (& Sw glyph?) Compare "Moses wrote his name Ms" (Keller).
- The kneeling figure is like a child or young man?
- The kneeling figure is blue.
- There are water lines along the bottom.
- The object hanging from the kneeling figure's arm (omitted in some versions) might be the ark Moses was found in.
- The figure is enclosed by reeds/bulrushes/sedges on both sides.
- Conventional scholars suppose the figure represents Heh. Heh is a frog-headed god, which is interesting re baby Moses found in the Nile.
- The pectoral is from the 12th dynasty which is the only time in Egyptian dynastic history that best matches the time of Moses in the bible.
 

Obliterated names of sons: One of these could match Moses because they are sons of a daughter of a pharaoh like Moses was, and they are obliterated like Moses' name might have been, and since we don't know what the names were they may or may not have included a Moses.
 

Pepi 2 &/or 1: (Moses could be both Pepi 2 as child and Pepi 1 as adult because for the statue of Pepi 1 and a smaller child it has been suggested by some that the smaller child is a younger Pepi 1, and this younger Pepi 1 might rather be Pepi 2? Pepi 1 has mostly adult depictions, while Pepi 2 has mostly young child depictions.)
 Pepi could match Moses because:
- The name of his mother is similar to Jochabed the name of Moses' mother Ankesenpepi. Compare also the goddess Nebethetepet who Pepi's name has been supposed to be connected with? Both Jochabed & Ankhesenpepi were aunts of husbands. Pepi's mother his very beautiful which might recall tradition that Moses was very good looking? Pepi 1 also seems to have a fairly good body/build in his statue?
- Pepi lived/reigned a similar amount of years to the 40/80 years of Moses.
- Pepi is shown with a staff, similar to Moses had a staff.
- The meaning of Pepi's name is unknown but suggestions include "the very great", or a nickname of goddess Nebethetepet, or "conceal, hidden, cover". The hieroglyphs that make-up the name Pepi/Papi are 2 reeds. In heiroglyphic/hieratic script Pepi resembles Khered "younger, child". The conceal/hidden/cover meaning & 2 reeds & "child" connection all might recall the baby Moses hidden in the bulrushes or reeds of the Nile? Pepi/Papi could possibly be connected with Papis in Manetho and with Hapi/Apis the god of the Nile, which could match the baby Moses was found in the Nile? Moses' name may mean "draw out", or "son, born,child of", or "water + saved, drawn from", or "water" or "seed" and "pond, expanse of water" with sense of "child of the Nile", and he has been compared by some scholars with a king Nilus who is named after the Nile river god Hapi/Apis. Some scholars have thought that the Jewish Afikoman could mean "Hapi is found". (The book of Jasher also gives Moses a number of other names given him by various people.) The "green kneeling statue of Pepi properfing a pair of globular vases" "offering wine or water to a god" might also be connected with this Nile river (god) theme.
- Pepi 1 is connected with word ms(t) "birth" in an inscription.
- "Pepi II's mummy has never been found". "No mummy of Pepi 2 ever found. Canopic chest - empty."
- Some other names in this dynasty are also similar to names of Levite genealogy in Exodus, eg Merari (biblical) & Meryre (Egyptian).
- "After the death of Neferkare [Pepy 2] Egyptian history is involved in darkness and confusion...." is similar to Egypt just after the exodus.
Also, the Ipuwer Papyrus tells a story about events that some have said seemingly may match the Exodus story of the plagues etc, and this papyrus has been dated by some to the 1st Intermediate Period immediately after the dynasty of Pepi.
- Pepi 2's name Nefer-ka-re might link with the Chenephres name of the pharaoh of the exodus in one early source?
- Pepi's other (throne) name Mery-re "friend of the sun-god Re/Ra" is maybe similar to Moses as servant of El/God. (The version Ra-meri might even be similar to the biblical name Rameses?)
- Pepi "came to throne at 6 yrs old", which might match child Moses adopted by the daughter of Pharaoh?
- Fits with all our other evidences of Joseph in the 3rd-4th dynasty and Moses in the (6th? and) 12th (and 13th?) dynasty. Others like Courville also place Moses in the 6th dynasty.
- A statue of Pepi was found at Tanis which might match statue of Mermesha found at Tanis (linking the names Pepi & Mesha), and match with Psalms implying Moses worked miracles at Zoan? Or Pepi was at Memphis, and Moses was at Zoan which might alternatively match Ankhtaui/Memphis.
- Pepi might be connected with Apepi/Apophis. Apophis is a god of forces of darkness, and he is connected with the Semitic Hyksos. The El-Arish inscription's story of the Egyptian king versus followers of Apophis is similar to the exodus story.
- Some may object that Pepi was a king/pharaoh while Moses was not. However, Moses was an adopted son of a daughter or Pharaoh, and was a leader of the Hebrews in Egypt. Some traditions say Moses was a commander in the campaign against the Ethiopians. The Egyptian king lists might not always be honest about who was a king/pharaoh, and they might have included viziers, lords, crown princes or heirs, corulers. There also might have been intermarriage of the lines of Joseph & Levi into the pharaonic line as possibly implied by "a new king who knew not Joseph arose"?
 

Amenemhet 4: This person could match Moses because:
- The description of his mother Hetepi could match Moses' mother Jochabed. (See Mother of Moses match below.)
- The sphinx statue of Amenemhet IV does look maybe Semitic-like?
- "Amenemhet IV had no records of his birth in Egyptian records." "Amenemhat IV may have been the son, grandson or step-son of his predecessor, the powerful Amenemhat III." "The relation of Amenemhat IV to Amenemhat III is similarly uncertain; the former could have been the son or grandson of the latter." "Father uncertain, possibly Amenemhet 3 (perhaps as adoptive father)". "Ryholt proposes that Amenemhat IV was adopted by Amenemhat III...."
This might match Moses as adopted by princess daughter of the pharaoh/king and Moses not real son of pharaoh.
- "Amenemhet IV also suddenly disappeared." "The tomb of Amenemhat IV has not been identified."
- "Around 80 years after the reign of Amenemhat IV, the administration [of the Egyptian state] seems to have completely collapsed". A faint possible connection with the first or second/last 80 years of Moses life (1-80 or 40-120)?
- "Amenemhet IV never reigned over Egypt by himself but he did co-reign with Amenemhet III for 9 yrs." Matching "Moses was not pharaoh", but he was adopted by daughter of Pharaoh (and was a leader of the Israelites in Egypt).
- "The Pharaoh of Moses had a daughter and no sons.
Amenemhet III had a daughter (Sobekneferu) and no sons to inherit the throne and continue the dynasty."
 

Mermesha: A king of the 13th dynasty is named Mermeshoi "the General". This could be similar to Moses is a general in campaign against Ethiopia(ns) in Josephus? A statue of Mermesha was found at Tanis, which could match Psalms implying Moses worked miracles at Zoan?
 

Moeris:
- Herodotus said Moeris was 900 yrs before [Amasis II], which makes him about the same date as Moses.
Moeris' name is similar to Moses.
Herodotus said the chariots were lost in reign of Sesostris who is next to Moeris in his king list.
 

Mesh: The Habiru or amelut sagaz Mesh "people of the rebel Mesh" of the Amarna letters could be a reference to contemporay Hebrews/Israelites named after Moses of a few hundred years before. Moses could well have been called a rebel.

Daughter of pharaoh match:
Moses was found and adopted by a daughter of the pharaoh. Possible matches we have found for the daughter or princess are:
Hatshepset daughter of Amenemhet 2 whose sons names are obliterated?
Princess Sit-hathor-yunet whose pectoral shows a young man with a prominent Mes glyph.
Sobeknofru?
Traditionally the daughter of Pharaoh is named either Bithia(h) (Jewish/Midrash), Thematis/Thermuthis/Tharmuth (Josephus), Merrhis (Artapanus/Livingstone), or Asiya (Koran). These are only late traditions and may be wrong. Though the name Merrhis is similar to the name of queen Mereret of the 12th dynasty.

Mother of Moses match:
Candidate matches for Moses' mother that we have found are:
Ankhesenpepi mother of Pepi. Her name is similar to that of Moses' mother Jochabed. Pepi has similarities to Moses.
Hetepi mother of Amenemhet 4. "Amenemhat IV was the son of a woman named Hetepi. Hetepi's only known attestation is an inscription on the wall of the temple of Renenutet at Medinet Madi where she is given the title of "King's Mother" but not those of "King's Wife", "King's Daughter" or "King's Sister". Consequently, her relation to Amenemhat III is unknown and she may have been non-royal." This description could match Moses' mother. The name Hetepi is also maybe slightly similar to Jochabed?

Elim match:
12 springs & (70) palms of Elim mentioned in the bible might be found in 11th dynasty travel manuscript of Hannu/Henenu ("12 wells" or "reservior of 12 perches in a wood", Bey pg 53 & Clayton pg 76.) If this is right then it argues they are close in time.

Sinai match:
The name of the 12th dynasty hero Sinuhe who had adventure in the Edom/Arabia area is maybe similar to the name of Mt Sinai/seneh/sanya which is in a nearby area, which might mean they were close in time?

Chariots & horses match:
Conventional scholars believe that chariots &/or horses were first introduced into Egypt by the Hyksos (15th/16th dynasty), and so they say Joseph and Moses can't be before then. However there are some evidences for chariots &/or horses before the Hyksos.
Rohl said they found some evidence for horses/chariots a little earlier than the Hyksos.
The chariots were all lost in the Red Sea crossing so that is partly why they haven't been found in Egypt.
Herodotus said the chariots/horses were lost/stopped use of in the reign of Sesostris (12th dyn).
Ramps in some Egyptian buildings like the Deir el Bahri may evidence wheeled vehicles.
Wheel-like glyph in some ancient inscriptions/texts?
There is a progressive increas of chariots/horses in the bible from the time of Joseph (2 chariots) to Joseph (unstated number of chariots & horsemen) to Moses (600 and the rest of the chariots of Egypt) to Moses (all chariots lost in sea) to Jabin (900 chariots) to Shishak (1200 chariots and 60000 horsemen) to Zerah (300 chariots), and so there may have only been a few in the earlier times. Jabin seems to match the time of the Hyksos.
In the case of Joseph some have suggested that chariot may have been sedan chair.
The person that goes to get Djedi in the Tales of the Magicians (Westcar Papyrus) travels in a vehicle maybe similar to Joseph's chariot?

Goshen match:
Goshen can't match Qesem/Phacus/Faqus in the n.e. delta because that latter only dates from the 26th dynasty? We also give alot of other reasons why Goshen, Rameses, Pithom and Zoan can't match the conventional northeast delta sites in our separate article/paper on this issue.
Jacob who was in Goshen seems to match Khufu/Cheops who was in Giza or Agouza, and the shepherd Philitis "lover of righteousness" who was in Giza/Agouza in the 4th dynasty (Herodotus).
The Hebrews were still in Goshen in Exodus though it also says they filled the land.
Moses seems to have been in the (6th? and) 12th (and 13th?) dynasty. (There is some possible evidence that the 6th dynasty was near-contemporary with the 12th dynasty?)
Giza has tombs from the 4th to 6th dynasties (plus one from the 1st Intermediate Period).
Some of the 12th dynasty sites like Heliopolis, and Kahun/Lahun are not really that far from Giza, or are similarly in the same Middle Egypt vicinity.
Additionally/alternatively the Goshen candidate of conventional scholars and of Rohl in the north-east delta of Lower (North) Egypt may have also had Semitic presence in the 12th-13th dynasty? The Hyksos found Avaris abandoned from previous occupants.
Josephus said the exodus started from Letopolis.

Hebrews/Semites (multiplied/filled the land) match:
Contrary to conventional scholars claims that the Merneptah Stele is the earliest mention of Israelites in Egypt or in Canaan/Israel/Palestine, there are some possible evidences of Israelites in Egypt (and/or in Canaan) before then:
- The Set(h) race of the 2nd dynasty? (Joseph was in the 2nd or 3rd to 4th or 5th dynasty.)
- The shepherd Philitis "lover of righteousness" at Giza in the 4th dynasty matches Jacob at Goshen who matches Khufu/Cheops at Giza.
Herodotus said the Egyptians hated the 4th dynasty Pyramid builders.
- I would suggest that the remains from the many Giza tombs should be reanalysed to see if it can be determined if they are early Hebrews/Semites (Orientalid/Armenoid).
- Asiatics in the First Intermediate Period (Clayton).
- Increase of Levantine names in the reign of Amenemhet 2 (12th dynasty).
- Lahun/Kahun/Gurob had a multiethnic/Asiatic population? and was suddenly abandoned.
- Possibly Asiatic/Semitic/Hebrew slaves in the pectoral of Sit-Hathor-yunet.
- Avaris abandoned by previous occupants before the Hyksos came.
The Hebrews were later confounded with the Hyksos, which indicates they were close-ish in time.
- ta shasu/sasuw yehua(w) aamu/hemu in the Soleb inscription of Amenhotep 3 implies Hebrews already in Canaan then.
- The "name Israel [in Canaan] is mentioned on Berlin statue pedistal relief 21687 dated to about time of Amenhotep 2 (or Ramses 2)", which shows they were already in Canaan in the 18th or 19th dynasty.
- The Habiru or 'amelut sagaz Mesh' "people of the rebel Mesh" of the 18th dynasty Amarna letters could be refering to contemporary Israelites named after Moses of a few hundred years before?
- 104 Asiatic names from Amarna west?

Babies massacre:
David Down's material said that they found wooden box coffins of babies under floors of houses at Lahun/Kahun?
(Possibly also compare 2 yr old "cattle" of Lahun/Kahun papyri?)
I wonder if the worship of Sobek in the 13th dynasty might also be connected with this?
I'm not sure if the Wehem-meswet "repeater of births" name of Amenemhet 1 might also possibly relate to this?

Pithom match:
Found candidates for Pithom are:
Pi-tum / Pa-tmu / Patumus / Per-atum (Heroonpolis or Tell er-Retaba or Tel El Maskhuta).
Pr Itmw / Per Atum / *Par-'Atama the temple of (Ra-)Atum (Heliopolis) in the reign of Kheper-ka-ra Senusret 1.
Meydum
P-ium/Piom/Faiyum (Pasebek/Crocodilopolis/Shetet/Arsinoe)
P-ium/Piom/Faiyum (Moeris)
Tithoes (Labyrinth)
Itj-tawy
Khartoum.
(Note that Pium and Peratum are both associated with lakes.)
The first one is from the 19th dynasty which is too late for Moses.
The second, (fourth?) fifth, sixth and seventh are all from the 12th dynasty which happens to be the time we found to best match Moses.

Rameses/Raamses match:
Rameses is mentioned in the story of Joseph, and Raamses &/or Rameses is mentioned in the story of Moses.
Found candidates for Rameses/Raamses are:
Piramses(meriamun) (Qantir/Avaris/Daba)
Ra (Ain Shams/On/Heliopolis)
The temple of (city of) sun/Re of Sesostris 1.
"Ra-em-shem-su/Ra'amcc/Re'mcc (An(eb)/Memphis)"?
Ramses name found in 3rd & 4th dyn buildings
Pyramid(s) (Abu Roash to Giza to Abusir to Sakkara to Dahshur to Lisht to Meidum).
Ranmaat/Nema(at)re/Labari (Amenemhet 3 & Labyrinth)
"Ra founded Thebes, founded Piramses according to same plan".
The first one is from the 19th dynasty which is too late for Joseph & Moses.
The second, (fourth?) and fifth are from the 3rd-4th dynasties which is the time we found to best match Joseph.
(The reign of the god-king Ra/Re stared from the 2nd or 3rd or 4th or 5th dynasty (Raneb, Rahotep, Redjedef, Sa-re/Se-ra, 5th dynasty sun kings).)
The second, third, (fourth?) sixth, seventh and eighth are from the 12th dynasty which is the time we found to best match Moses.

480 years match:
The bible says there were 480 years from the exodus to Solomon.
The conventional chronology have less than 480 years from their "Moses in the 19th dynasty" to their "Shishak/Shehsonk in the 22nd dynasty".
There are about the same number of years as the biblical 480 years from the end of the twelfth dynasty (when we place Moses) to the 19th dynasty (when we place Shishak) in the conventional chronology.
The San Tablet of 400 yrs says there were 400 yrs from a Hyksos king/prince to a king of the 19th dynasty.

Treasure cities match:
Exodus says the Egyptians made the Hebrews build Arei Miskenoth "treasure cities" or "store cities" or "strong/fortified cities".
Found candidates for the arei miskenoth "treasure/store cities" are:
Granaries/silos and storeouses at the later Pitum & Piramses.
Tel el Maskhuta.
"all the tekhenen" of the building of Senusert 1?
The "huge quantities of ... stores ... found in Sesostris' funerary temple".
The "many rooms" or "3000 apartments, half of them underground" of the Labyrinth.
The first one is from the 19th dynasty and is too late for Moses.
The third, fourth and fifth are from the 12th dynasty which is the time we found to best match Moses.

3 reincarnations match?
Jewish tradition has 3 reincarnations Seth (or Shem?) Moses & Samuel. Massey corresponded these with the Egyptian 3 Hermes Set, Shu/Num & Thoth. We found that these may roughly correspond with the 3 Kingdoms Old/FIP, Middle/SIP & New/TIP? The 3 groups of gods in Herodotus Pan, Hercules and Dionysus may also match too?
Shu also features in the El-Arish inscription which Velikovsky showed may match the Exodus story.
These correspondences may confirm Joseph was in the Old Kingdom and Moses in the Middle Kingdom, and David in the New Kingdom.

Moses' Ethiopian wife "Tharvis"/"Adonaih" match:
Moses may be in the (6th? and) 12th (and 13th?) dynasty.
Pharaoh Senusret 3 captured Nubian women, which might possibly connect with Moses' Ethiopian wife? Jewish tradition as given in Josephus has Moses as a general who fought Ethiopia(ns).
The 5th &/or 6th dynasty is also connected with Elephantine.

Heliopolis match?
Heliopolis is mentioned in connection with Exodus 1 and/or with Moses in the Septuagint and in Apion. This is only a later tradition and may not be true. But Heliopolis is connected with the 12th dynasty which we found is the time that best matches Moses.
Pr Itmw / Per Atum / *Par-'Atama the temple of (Ra-)Atum (Heliopolis) in the reign of Kheper-ka-ra Senusret 1.
The temple of (city of) sun/Re of Sesostris 1.

Zoan match?
Psalms implies that Moses worked miracles in the field of Zoan in Egypt. Zoan has usually been identified with Tanis in the north-east Delta. We place Moses in the (6th? and) 12th (and 13th?) dynasty. A statue of the 6th dynasty king Pepi was also found at Tanis (ref Brugsch-Bey), and a statue of a 13th dynasty king Mermeshoi was found at Tanis. Both Pepi and Mermeshoi also happen to be among our candidates for Moses.
On the other hand Zoan might not match Tanis because the bible says Hebron was built 7 years before Zoan, and Hebron is known from known quite early in the bible and archaeology while Tanis otherwise only features from the 19th dynasty and after (too late for Moses). Also the Zoan & Tanis names match is not as good as has been assumed.  Zoan could possibly match the Ankh-taui name of Memphis which was founded by the 1st pharaoh Menes which would make sense of the saying that Hebron was built 7 years before Zoan. The 6th dynasty was Memphite and so this also matches with our 6th dynasty placement of Moses (who might match Pepi).
Zoan means "place of departure", which could match Tanis as a place of departure of people from Egypt, or it could match that Josephus said the exodus started from Letopolis (like our finding that Goshen was in the Giza area).

Pharaoh match:
The name of the pharaoh/king of the exodus is traditionally either Pharaoh (bible), unnamed (bible), Ramses ("bible"), Thom ("bible", Arish), the Assyrian ("bible"), Melol/Adikam (Jasher), Hemon (Koran/Quran), Chenephres (Artapanus), Palmanothes (Artapanus), Phritiphantes (Chaeremon), Merneptah (tradition) or Amenophis (Manetho) and Seti-Ramses (Manetho) or Setnakhte (Ramses 3, Manetho, Massey), Shu (Arish, Velikovsky), Horus (Manetho, Massey, Arish) or Bocchoris (Lysimachus/Tacitus), Concharis/Cencheres (Eusebius) or Akhencres (ecclesiastical writers), Ahmose 1 (Africanus, Apion) or Tuthmosis (Manetho, Theophilus), Geb (Arish, Velikovsky), Isis (Tacitus, Cheremon), Apis son of Pharonaeus (Polemo/Eusebius), or Sesostris (footnote in Josephus).
 

Pharaoh: The name/word Pharaoh is said to be known in Egyptian kings records from time of either the 12th dyn or Tuthmose 3 or Akhenaten or Merneptah or Siamun. This could fit with our placement of Moses in the 12th dynasty, though the name pharaoh may not have been a major title then, so the use of the name pharoah in the story of Moses could be an anachronism put in by later writers. The use of the title pharaoh in the bible in the stories of Abraham and Joseph could be an anachronism, though there are possible evidences for its use before the 12th dynasty, eg:
Herodotus has a king Pheros in/after the 12th (or "18th" or "19th") dynasty and/or in/before the 4th dynasty or the 19th/20th dynasty, which fits with our placement of Joseph in the 3rd-4th dynasty and Moses in the (6th? and) 12th dynasty.
Some traditional sources suggest that pharaoh was known from the earliest dynasties, or that it was a name of the 1st ruler of Egypt? Josephus had Pharaohs [from Menes?] until Solomon/Shishak.
Waddell also claimed Sumerian inscriptions or Indus inscriptions (read as Sumerian) or early Egyptian inscriptions (read as Sumerian) contain a word that matches Pharaoh?
Pirua of Peruvian king lists is also similar?
The name Pharaoh is supposed to come from Egyptian Pr/Pr'o/Pr'3/Perao/Peraa/Paruw'ar or Aaperti "great house", but there might be a possibility that it may come from the name Sneferu which is variously written Snfrfrw / Snprfw/Snprvw/Snprby/Snprvu/ Snpfv / Snprf/Snfrw//Snprb/Snprv/Snfrv/Snfr(w) / Snpw or Snaphru/Snef(e)ru, or Sen-nefer, or from Khafre/Chephren/Ephraim or another later ruler's name?
Or the name Pharaoh might be connected with the name Phra/Ra/Re? The god-king Ra's reign began in the 2nd or 3rd or 4th or 5th dynasty (Raneb, Rahotep, Reufu, Redjedef, Sa-re/Se-ra, 5th dyn sun kings).
 

Ramses: Conventional scholars claim Moses can't be before the 19th dynasty when the first pharaohs named Ramses appear in king lists. However, the bible doesn't say for sure that the pharaoh was named Ramses, it only mentions a place Rameses/Raamses. It could be an anacrhonism, since Rameses also occurs in the story of Joseph but they don't also say he can't be before the 19t dynasty.
The Book of Sothis king list has kings named Ramses before the Hyksos.
Herodotus has a king Rhampsinitis in/after the 12th (or "18th" or "19th") dynasty, and/or in/before the 4th dynasty and/or the 19th/20th dynasty. Some scholars think Rhampsinitis was Redjedef (4th dyn).
There are some other names maybe similar to Ra-mses "son/born of Ra/sun" in other king lists before the 19th dynasty, eg Mesoc(h)ris, Rayosis (Eratosthenes), name Ramses found in 3rd & 4th dyn sites (ref Hoeh), Pyramid (3rd-4th dyn), Moscheres (4-6 dyn, Eratosthenes), Rimush (Akkadian, "6th dyn"), Rameri/Meryre (6th dyn), the son of Ra Sesostris 1, Ranmaat/Nema(at)re/Lamares/Labari (12th dyn), Imyremeshaw/Mermesha (13th dyn), ...mosre (13th dyn).
 

Thom: Some scholars believe that the name Pithom in Exodus 1 implies a pharaoh named Thom. A king Thom is also mentioned in the El-Arish inscription which is similar to the story of Exodus. However, the bible doesn't say for sure that the king was named Thom, only that a place was named Pithom. Some instead connect the name Pithom with Pi-tum / Pa-tmu / Patumus / Per-atum "city/house of Atum", or with P-ium/Faiyum "the sea".
The king or god Thom or Tawi-Thom could match either:
The temple of (Ra-)Atum at Heliopolis in the reign of Kheper-ka-ra Senusret 1 (12th dyn, Bey).
"like the god Tmu" of Amemenhet 2?
Tithoes the name of the builder of the labyrinth?
Amuntimaeus/Timaeus (12th dyn).
Tutimaeus/Timaeus or Dudimose (13th dyn).
Atum who scholars claim the Ipuwer paprus of the "FIP or SIP" is linked with?
Typhon/Set the god of the Hyksos?
 

The Assyrian: The king named the Assyrian is found in one of the books of the prophets and is believed to be either the pharaoh of the exodus or the "Antichrist". This association is only a dubious theory and probably untrue. However we there might possibly be a match with "the Hyksos were afraid of the Assyrians" in Josephus?
 

Chenephres: This name for the pharaoh of the exodus is only from the late Artapanus, and so it may not be true. But there are possible matches for Chenephres in the 6th-12th-13th dynasty period when we place Moses.
- A 6th dyn pyramid name Kha-nefer.
- Memphis was also/alternatively called Kha-nefer (Bey).
- There were kings called Chenephres in 5th, 6th and 7th/8th (Memphite) dyns (Carpenter, Bey).
- A another king of 9th dyn was Kaneferre (a famine in his reign).
- Pyramid of Amenemhet 1 called Ka-nefer (12th dyn, Bey).
- A place Kanefer in Sinuhe story (Amenemhat, 12th dyn, Mercatante).
- Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV in the 13th dyn.
 

Shu: See the section on the 3 Reincarnations match.
 

Sesostris: This name for the pharaoh of the exodus is only from a late footnote to Josephus and so is not historical. Though Herodotus says that the chariots/horses were lost/stopped in the reign of Sesostris, and this agrees with when we place Moses. Herodotus also says Moeris was 900 yrs before Amasis II which makes him about the same date as Moses, and Moeris is next to Shishak in his king list.
Senusert 3 in the 12th dynasty does seem a good match for one of the kings/pharaohs in Exodus.
 

Palmanothes: This name for the pharaoh of the exodus is only from Artapanus and so may not be true. Though some scholars suggest Palmanothes may match Amenemhet of the 12th dynasty? Compare Phamenoph = Amenophis.
 

Concharis: There was a king of this name in the 13th dynasty?
 

Melol/Adikam: These are only names of the king in the book of Jashar and so are unlikely to be true. Interestingly though the kings have similarities with the 6th dynasty (when we place Moses) :
- names similar.
- has 94 years in common with Pepy.
- both connected with dwarf/pygmy.
 

The pharoah that Moses fled from could have reigned anywhere between 0/1 to 40 yrs (dying somewhere between Moses' 40th & 80th yrs), or between 40 to 80 yrs if he is the same as the Pharaoh of the massacre of babies (from Moses birth to "after Moses was grown" to 40 yrs old, dying between Moses' 40th & 80th year), or more if he reigned any years before Moses' birth and/or if is the same as the king who knew not Joseph that arose before Moses' birth.
If the pharaoh of the babies massacre is not the same as the one Moses fled from then the former could have reigned anywhere between 0/1 to 40 yrs (Moses' birth to 40th year) or more if he reigned any years before Moses' birth and/or if sam as pharoah that knew not Joseph.
The pharaoh that drowned in red sea could have reigned after the death of his predecessor/father anywhere between 0/1 yrs upto ca 40 yrs (his predecessor/father having died somewhere between Moses' 40th & 80th yr).

Pharaoh drowned in the Red Sea match:
The conventional chronology once matched the pharoah drowned in the Red Sea with a salty mummy of a 19th dynasty pharaoh. But it was later found the saltiness was from excess salts in mummification. Merneptah's mummy was once unfound, but it was later found in other place. There is still a claim that sea weed was found in a 19th dynasty mummy's [lungs?] but I don't know if this is true and even if it is there nevertheless is still not much evidences matches between the 19th dynasty and the story in Exodus.
Candidates for the pharaoh drowned in the Red Sea in our (6th? and) 12th (and 13th?) dynasty may be:
- "Pepi II's mummy has never been found". (He may be Moses not pharaoh though.)
- "Khety was driven mad and then eaten by a crocodile".
- Mentuhotep 3, tomb/sarcophagus never found.
- "Sesostris' mummy never found. (His grave had been ranscaked)" (Lissner). Herodotus says that the chariots/horses were lost in the time of Sesostris (12th dynasty).
- Amenemhet 4 no definitely ascribed/known burial/pyramid. (He may be Moses not pharaoh though.)
- "Neferhotep mummy never found".
- No mummy or coffin has been found for the last Pharaoh of the 13th dynasty, Koncharis.
Though the bible maybe doesn't definitely say the pharaoh was drowned in the sea?
The chariots parts have been found in he gulf of Aqaba nearby Nuweiba and should be able to be dated. Wyatt said judging from the type of wheels that they date to at least the 18th dynasty.

Slain firstborn (of pharaoh) match:
Candidates for the firstborn son of the pharaoh/king in our (6th? and) 12th (and 13th?) dynasty placement of Moses include:
- Perhaps compare "who has overcome death" of Khnumhotep inscription? (It is said that "firstborn" in the Hebrew is more like chosen or elite rather than eldest child.)
- Amenemhet 4 presumed died prematurely.
- The 12th dynasty ended with a queen (Sobeknofru).
- "Naferhotep's son did not succeed him on the (vacated) throne", "Neferhotep suceeded by brother not son".
(- One source suggested Seqenenre of the 17th dynasty as a candidate for the slain firstborn, but this doesn't seem possible from the nature of the wounds. Seqenenre is more likely to match Sisera, though this also is somewhat doubtful.)

Moses' mateh "rod/staff" or "boat":
Pepi had a staff similar to Moses had a staff.
Moses staff might also match the "fire stick" in the inscription "Bairthy (of the) Zapunaq(m)Nut Za (make passage) Za (fire-stick) zaau (sailors)", but I don't know what dynasty this is from.

Exodus evidences match:
Possible evidences of the exodus at the end of the (6th? and) 12th (and 13th?) dynasty include:
- The 3rd/4th dyn king Surid was 300 yrs before the "flood"?
- "After the death of Neferkare (Pepy 2) Egyptian history is involved in darkness and confusion...." (6th dyn)
- Evidence that Kahun/Lahun was abandoned suddenly.
- "Around 80 years after the reign of Amenemhat IV, the administration [of the Egyptian state] seems to have completely collapsed".
- "About 40 years after the reign of the General [Mermeshoi], Egypt collapsed"?
- The Ipuwer Papyrus is considered to have parallels with the exodus events. (The papyrus is dated to the "FIP or SIP", and is considered to have been written in 13th dyn & not earlier than 12th dyn).
- Hyksos found Avaris abandoned by former occupants.
- The chariot parts have been found in the gulf of Aqaba nearby Nuweiba, and the wheels date to at least the 18th dynasty.
- The Hebrew exodus has been confounded with the expulsion of the Hyksos, which implies they were near in time, and that the Hebrew one occured before the Hyksos one. The Hebrew exodus can't match the explusion of the Hyksos as the Hyksos were kicked out while the Hebrews were reluctantly let go and then pursued.
Conventional scholars admit there is no trace of the exodus in their 19th dynasty placement (except for Manetho's Osarsiph exodus story which is very dubiously supposed to match the biblical exodus). Josephus and Massey point out that Manetho has 2 or 3 exoduses and he already had 1 or 2 exoduses before the 3rd one of Osarsiph. The later exoduses also have a different number of people who went out than the biblical one: 80000 & 200000 (Manetho), 250000 (Chaeremon), 240000 (...), 600000 men or 600 families (Bible's exode), 110000 (Lysimachus/Josephus), "many tens of thousands" (Manetho/Josephus).
The claimed "Habiru dropping tools and fleeing" in the 19th dynasty doesn't match the Hebrew exodus. The Hebrews were reluctantly kicked out. The Apiru are called senen "knights".

40/80/120 years match:
Possible matches for the 40/80/120 years of Moses in the 6th or 12th or 13th dynasty:
Pepi 2 reigned from childhood for either (24 or 31 or) 62/64 (or 47) or 90/94 yrs, and was a centenarian (living for 6 y.o. + 94 yrs = 100 yrs?)
Pepi 1 reigned either 15 yrs ("should have been", Sinai? SSS), 18/19 yrs (Hammamat, Sinai graffito, SSS), 25th yr (highest year/count, Hatnub, SSS), 30/31yrs (Hammamat, Hatnub, SSS?), 35(Erato)? 36 yrs (taken biennial, Sinai graffito), 44 yrs (TKL),  48-49/50 yrs (SSS).
Year 39 (Lahun/Kahun, 12th dyn)?
Amenemhet 3 reigned 45/46 yrs?
"Around 80 years after the reign of Amenemhat IV, the administration [of the Egyptian state] seems to have completely collapsed".
Neferhotep I reigned about 30-40 years after Amenemhet III.
"About 40 years after the reign of the General [Mermeshoi], Egypt collapsed"?
The contendings/struggles of Horus and Set/Typhon lasted 80 yrs.
(Apepi reinged 40 yrs in 15th dyn.)
40 years to graduate from Waset/Septer (A3).

Mixed multitude match?
I think I remember seeing that Lahun/Kahun/Gurob had a multinational/multiethnic [rabble] like workforce? Kahun/Lahun was suddenly abandonded similar to the exodus.

Og of Bashan match?
"the haq of the land of Abesha/Abishai/Abushar" (Aamu/Hemu, of Shu(t)) of the well-known Khnumhotep pictures could be related to Og of Bashan (Amorite) or Jebus?

Law giver match:
The vizier Mentuhotep of the 12th dynasty has similarities to Moses as law-giver and prophet.
The law code of Hammurabi has similarities to the Mosaic laws, which suggests they may be near in time. There is a sychronism of a 13th dynasty king with Hammurabi.

Shiphrah & Puah match:
Exodus 1 mentions Shiphrah & Puah.
It is reckoned that the first or both of the name/s is/are found in Brooklyn document list of slaves of time of Sobekhotep 3 (13th dynasty, "18th century"). Close to our 12th (& 13th?) dynasty placement of Moses.

Aaron match?
Aaron might perhaps match someone like Merenre (6th dyn), or Hor-ur-re (12th dyn), and/or Hor (13th dyn)? His name is also similar to the name/title Pharaoh?

Not by way of the Philistines match:
Exodus says the Israelites did not go "by the way of the Philistines" (i.e across northern top of the Sinai peninsula by the Mediterranean sea between the Nile Delta and Gaza Strip).
One of the few reasons why the conventional chronology has late dated Moses to the 19th dynasty ("1300/1200s" bc) is because the Philistines who are mentioned in the biblical account match the Peleset/Pereset who only appeared with the invasion of the Sea Peoples in the 19th & 20th dynasties.
However, Philistines are also mentioned in the bible in the time of Abraham and Isaac as well as the exodus and after. The use of the name might be an anachronism, esp since the bible elsewhere says that the Philistines came from Caphtor at the same time as the Israelite exodus from Egypt (as in Genesis 10), and Deuteronomy 2 says the Caphtorim came after previous Avvim who were in Philistia, plus the name Philistine may mean "immigrants, emigrants, strangers". The Torah is supposed to have been written by Moses, and/or scholars claim the bible was written by different people overtime and wasn't finished until the Neo-Babylonian or Persian period. There might also/alternatively be evidences of Philistines in the area before the 19th dynasty. Possible appearances of Philistines or Gath or Gaza before the 19th dynasty may include:
- Philitis (4th dyn)?
- Phaistos (Minoan/Cretan)?
- Pelasgians (pre-Hellenic Greeks)?
- Pelusium (between north-east Delta & north-west Sinai peninsula)?
- Philistine pottery is related to Mycenaean Greek & Cretan pottery.
- Gaza/Gath is also mentioned in 18th dynasty records.
- Akizzi governor/king of Katna/Qatna/"Hamath" in the Amarna letters might match Achish son of Maoch/Maacah king of Gath (Gittite) & Ziglag of David's time in the bible?
- Hittite records mention a "Taitas/Tette/Da-te-wa/Daitewas/Dait-as/Eudaita/E(h)u-daitas king of land of Palastina/Walastina" which might be connected with King David?
- Gaza &/or Gath/Gittite are also maybe similar to Hatti &/or Kassi? Goliath might possibly be connected with the Kassite name Kashtiliash?
- Qazauadana/Gauzanitis, Qazailoni, &/or Qazatha/Gaza in 19th dynasty texts?
- The Atlantis Account maybe implies that the Atlanteans (Sea Peoples) traveled through Europe and Asia and Libya over a length of time?
- The Peleset Sea Peoples might correspond with the Pelasgians of the Thalassocracies shortly after the Trojan War?

Dates match.
Moses' ascribed biblical-based date has ranged from 1700 yrs bc (Josephus/Lysimachus), to 1690/1662/1652 bc, to 1592/1580/1572/1512 bc (NWT, Jerome, Mercatante, Usher), to  1491/1446/1440 bc (Usher, NIV), to 1391/1350/1335/1314/1300 bc (Rabbinic, American, Mahler, Brugsch, "modern scholarship", Oxford), to 1280/1276/1271/1250/1215/1200 bc (Price, Rabbinic, American, Mercatante, Albright, Spanuth), to 7th Olympiad (Apion).
Conventional scholars place Moses in the 19th dynasty in the "1200s" bc.
But the bible places Moses and the exodus 480 years before Solomon (& Shishak, ca 1000/900s bc), giving Moses a date of ca 1400s bc.
So the conventional 19th dynasty placement is too late for Moses. (Though they try to get around this by saying the 480 yrs may be 12 generations. But this scenario is unlikely.)
We place Moses in the (6th? and) 12th (and 13th?) dynasty.
In the conventional chronology the 6th dynasty has an ascribed date of "2345-2181" bc, and the 12th dynasty has an ascribed date of "1991-1782" bc, and thus they assert that Moses can not match either of these dynasties.
However, their ascribed dates of the dynasies are only theory they have no real proofs of the dates. All their "scientific" dating methods have problems and are unreliable (carbon dating, tree rings, regnal years, Assyrian king list, Siriadic/Sothiac, Venus tablets, Thera, "Shishak/Sheshonk", Apis bulls, etc). We can't give all the evidences against them here, see our separate paper on this. They have Egyptian too long/old and Biblical too short/late.
Some alterative dating evidences include:
Herodotus said Moeris (12th dyn) was only 900 yrs before [Amasis 2 or Amyrtaeus] which makes him about the same date as Moses. (Herodotus also said the chariots/horses were lost/stopped use of in the reign of Sesostris (12th dyn).)
Shechem is mentioned in 12th dynasty Execration Texts, and Shechem was founded in Jacob's time in the bible, so Jacob can't be later than the 12th dynasty.
Herodotus said Menes was (1)1340 yrs before Seti, Josephus said Mees was 1300 yrs before Solomon/Shishak, which gives a date of not more than 2300s bc for Menes, and makes Seti & Shishak near contemporaries.
Some may object to our placement of Moses in the (6th? &) 12th (& 13th?) dynasty. But there are some possible evidences that the 6th dynasty was near-contemporary to the 12th dynasty, eg:
The Sakkara kinglist has Pepi (6th dyn) next to the last king of 12th dynasty.
Inscription of Pepi 1 found at Tanis, and statue of Mer-meshoi (13th dyn) also found at Tanis, which may suggest Pepi and Mer-meshoi are connected?
The Karnak kinglist has 6th dyn between 11th & 12th.
Ethiopian king list has Pepi/Piori next to or only 1/2/3 kings away from Amenemhet.
13th dyn is also associated with the name Neferkare (which was the other main name of Pepi 2).
Pepi may also be connected with Apepi/Apophis. An Apepi is attested as king's son in 14th dynasty, and an Apepi reinged 40 yrs in 15th dyn.
The Ipuwer Papyrus is dated to either the "FIP or SIP".
The 1st & 3rd-8th Memphite dynasties and the 9th-10th Herakleopolitan dynasties and the 11th-13th Theban dynasties could overlap.

References:
The biblical (Joseph and) Moses/exodus (etc):
Bible, Josephus, Jasher.
Moses & 6th/12th/13th dyn:
D Courville, R Palmer, me, D Rohl, David Down, I Velikovsky, H Hoeh.
Moses & 19th/20th dyn:
Millard, Keller, Manetho, Josephus, Massey, P Sullivan.
Moses & 18th dyn:
Wyatt.
6th/12th/13th dyn:
Clayton, Wikipedia, Lissner, Brugsch-Bey, Execration texts, Sinuhe story, Herodotus, 11th dynasty travel manuscript of Hannu/Henenu, Ipuwer Papyrus.
18th dyn:
Amarna letters, Velikovsky.
Egypt:
El-Arish inscription, Herodotus.