Ancient Origins of Name Jesus?

A while ago i discovered that the "Yahweh/Jehovah" name of the Lord/God of the Judaeo-Christian Bible seems to have early origins and has seeming possible matches in other cultures (see post here http://www.allempires.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=37415 ). (Some other people have also suggested Judah's name is evidence of the name Jhvh being as early as that. Yhwh was mentioned in Noah's blessing of Shem.) I have also wondered if the name Jesus/Yeshua also might have early origins and matches in other cultures mythologies too. Below is an example list of some possibly similar-to-Jesus gods/deities names.

Firstly the name Jesus has various different spellings/versions of Jesus/Iesus, J(eh)oshua, Je(ho)shua, Jehoshua(h), Yeshua, Jesuel, Isa, Ihs, (Yeishu?)

Celtic/Roman: Esus
Slavic: Jessis/Yezda,
Greek/Trojan: Jason, Theseus, Rhesus, Zeus/Ievs, Jeoud,
Hittite/Hurrian: Teshub,
Egyptian: Shu/Yshsh ("void/empty" / "sneeze/splutter"), Osiris,
Hebrew: Aish ("man, Adam"), Ishi "husband", Jeush, Joses, Isaiah, Jashar, Isra(el), Asshur, Jew, Jeoud, Jess(i)e, Josiah, Elisha, Moses,
Sumerian/Akkadian: Ziusudra, Is(h)kur, Ishullanu, Apsu, Enzu, Gishzida, Ninazu,
Elamite: Susinak,
Iranian: Shaoshyant, Gosh/Geus,
Afghan/Kalash/Kati/Kafir: Jestan/Jestak,
Indian: Vishnu, Shiva, Isvara,
Chinese: Joss,
West African: Eshu/Edshu,

From this list we selected 4 seemingly best candidates:
- Ziusudra: Jesus/Jehoshua means "God/Lord + salvation/saves" (and he & baptism is compared to Noah's Ark/Flood, and he is the seed of the woman), Ziusudra was a flood saviour (name means "he who saw life" or "spirit"? and he took the seed of all life in his ark) The two names maybe have 5/6 similar letters (z)iusua & j(e)osua.
- Ishkur: Ishkur is a wind/storm god also connected with thunder/lightning, clouds, hail, rain, streams, and the "silver lock of the heart of heaven". His beast vehicle is a lion(-dragon), (or bull). He was the son of An or Enlil, and brother of Utu, and twin brother of Enki.
- Aish/Ishi: Ishi is from "you will not longer call me Baali "master/lord" but will call me Ishi "husband" in a biblical prophet book.
- Shu/Yshsh: Joshua was in exodus almost as early as Genesis. Joshua was the son of Nun. Joshua came out of Egypt with Moses and his name might be Egyptian origin? Shu is associated with Num/Nun in the 3 Hermes. Massey linked Shu with Moses. Shu's name means "void/empty" or "sneeze/splutter", and his nature as a god is connected with "air, dry/hot, Atlas". The "void/empty" meaning of Yshsh is similar to meaning of Abel.
It looks like Shu/Yshsh might be the most likely (though Shu himself might have earlier origins, and he might possibly match Ishkur?)
I might be wrong though because Joshua's name was originally Hoshea/Oshea before being changed/altered to Joshua.

Israelite Tribes

This is a list of the tribes of Israel in the bible and the persons and places associated with them, and namesakes. We have done all the tribes except for 4 which we have not yet been able to finish (Levi, Judah, Dan, Joseph).

Reuben: Shechem, Hanoch, Elizur, Shammua, Dathan/Abiram, Peleth/Eliab, Jazer/Gilead, Heshbon, Aroer/Arnon, Ramoth, Bohan, Bezer, Merari, Beerah, Pul, Adina, Eliezer.

Simeon: Shechem, Jemuel/Nemuel/Shemuel, Shelumiel/Shemuel, Shaphat, Shephatiah, Zimri, Seir, Pelatiah.

Levi: Maccabees, Jeremiah, Hilkiah, Aaron, Korah, Moses, John Baptist, Zechariah, Eli, Miriam, Amran, Kohath, Matthew/Levi, Josephus, Ezekiel, Ezra, Shechem, Priestly/Aaronic Messiah, Jesua, kin of high priest in John, Lewinsky, Levine, ....

(Priests: Melchizedek, Aaron, Jeremiah, Macabees, Boethusian, Jesus, Zechariah, Micah, Jeshua, Prester John, Wicked priest, Ezra.)

Judah: Jeoud, David, Absalom, Adonijah, Rehoboam, Solomon, Menelik, Zedekiah, Zerubbabel, Jesus, Joseph, Mary, Nathan, Zerah, Perez, Boaz, Caleb, Kenaz, Othniel, Hillel, Jude, James, Herod, Judith, Judas, Tekoa/Amos, Daniel, Jerahmeelites, ....

(Kings/queens: Nimrod, Melchizedek, Pharaoh, Jobab (Edomite), Moloch/Milcom, Adonizedek, Adonibezek, Abimelech, Saul, David, Absalom, Solomon, Sheba/Makeda/Tamrin/Bilqis/Nicaule, Lemuel, Jeroboam, Jezebel, Omri, Ahasuerus, Maccabees/Hasmonean, Melkiresha, Herod, Jesus, Abaddon/Apollyon.)

Gad: Ziphion, Eliasaph, Gaddiel, Gaddi, Geuel, Zephon, Dibon, Horhaggidgad, Gilead, Ramoth, Baalgad, Hazargaddah, Migdalgad, prophet Gad, Bani, Aroer, Gadi, Bethgader, Ezer, Azgad, Malcam.

Asher: Anna, Imnah, Pagiel, Sethur, Serach, Ahihud, Bethshean? Mishal/Mashal, Acco, Baana.

Dan: Daniel, Samson, Antichrist, Eldad Hadani, ....

Naphtali: Ebal, Jesus, Jahzeel/Jahziel, Ahira, Nahbi, Pedahel, Kedesh, Bethshemesh, Barak, Ahimaaz, Hiram, Benhadad, Pul, Jeremoth, Tobit, Elijah/Tishbite.

Isacchar: Gerizzim, Tola, Nethanel, Igal, Paltiel, Bethshean/Ibleam/Dor? Kishion, Deborah, Dodo, Jehoshaphat, Baasha, Kedesh, Omri, Judas Iscariot.

Zebulun: Sered/Sarid, Eliab, Gaddiel, Elizaphan, Jokneam, Kitron, Elon, Rimmono, Ishmaiah, Jesus.

Joseph: Messiah ben Joseph, Joseph Smith, Joses, Josephus, Goebbels, J Campbell, Asaph, Lehi, Manasseh, Ephraim, other sons, Machir, Gilead, Samuel, Joshua, Nephi, Laman, Joseph father of Jesus, ....

Ephraim: Jesus, Elishama, Hoshea/Joshua, Shuthelah, Kemuel, Gezer, Tappuah, Timnathserah, Shechem, Eleazar/Phineas, Timnathheres, (Ehud,) Deborah, Amalek, (Gideon,) Tola, (Jephthah,) Gileadites, Abdon, Micah, Levite (Judges), Elkanah, Samuel, Ishbosheth, Baalhazor, Absalom, Sheba, Jeroboam, gate of Ephraim, Helez, Benaiah, Zemaraim, Abijah, Asa, Jehoshaphat, (Amaziah,) Zichri, Azariah, Hezekiah, son of Remaliah, Samaria, Jareb, Tyre.

Manasseh: Machir, Gamaliel, Gaddi, Gilead, Zelopehad, Jair, Hanniel, Tappuah, Bethshean, Golan, Taanach, Gideon, Abimelech, Jephthah, Pul, Aner, Asriel, Jerusalem, Adnah, Joel, Iddo, Hezekiah.

Benjamin: Ephratha, Bela, Abidan, Palti, Elidad, Jericho, Gibeon, Kish/Cush, Saul, Mordechai, Esther, Paul, Jebus, Ehud, Gibeah, Mari, Rimmon, Zelzah, Geba, Baanah/Rechab, Beeroth, Shimei, Gera/Ela, Sheba, Zela, Ittai/Ithai, Sallu, Abiezer, Jaasiel, Eliada, Anathoth, Jeremiah, Jerusalem, Irijah, Gilead, Ishbosheth, Jonathan.

(Prophets/"Prophets": Enoch, Moses, The/That Prophet like Moses, Balaam, Deborah, Samuel, Nathan, Gad, Elijah, (Gehazi,) Elishah, Joel, Isaiah, Jonah, Huldah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Ezekiel, Daniel, Anna, Jesus, Agabus, Merlin, Mohammed, Joseph Smith, (Barry Smith said he was not a prophet as such,) False Prophet.)

Jews/Yiddish / Hebrews/Ivrit / Israelis / Chosen:
Abraham, Adler? Barabbas, Barkochba, Bengurion, Beria, Benhur, Bambergs, Columbus? Cagliostro, Cohen, Dreyfus, Neil Daimond, King David, Daniel, Kirk Douglas, Disraeli, Esther, Kurt Eisner, Eisenhower, Einstein, Ann Frank, Freud, Franco, Gamaliel, Herzl, "Heydrich", Hamilton (US history), Herod, Hasidic, Hillel, EM House, Benny Hinn, Isaac, Jacob/Israel, Jesus, Juwes (JTR), Joseph, Judith, Judah, Judas, Jude, Koestler, Kuhn, John Key (part Jewish ancestry, NZ), Levi, Lewinsky, Anton Lavey, Peter Marsh, Moses, Karl Marx, Mordechai, Macabees, Matthew/Levi, Maimonides, Netanyahu, Paul/Saul, Perez, Petrus Romanus, Peter, Rothschilds, Ravage, Rabin, Bob Sell (NZ), Sylvester Stalone (Rambo), Sanders (US pres candidate), Shamir, Zecharia Sitchin, Shicklegruber (Hilter), Samson, Teacher of Righteousness, Trosky, Tobit, The Wandering Jew, Immanuel Velikovsky, Julius Vogel (NZ), Weishaupt, Wicked priest, Weizman.


A related topic to this post's subject is the question of whether it was 70 or 72 or 75 souls who came down into Egypt with Jacob. So here is what we put together on that:

Was it 70 or 72 or 75 souls that came with Jacob/Israel down into Egypt? (Genesis 46, Exodus 1, Lxx, Acts 7, Josephus, Jashar.) Was Stephen wrong?
Firstly there is a common connection in myth etc of 10 & 12, 40 & 42, 70 & 72, 100 & 120. Eg 70/72 is found in biblical with the 70/72 nations of Genesis 10, the 70 elders/Sanhedrin, the Septuagint, the 70/72 disciples of Jesus. Numbers are also often sometimes rounded off.
However Stephen's 75 is probably from the Septuagint since i have seen that that source does say "75" in Genesis 46 & Exodus 1.

66 sons/daughters & grandsons/greatgrandsons, + 3/9 (Jose, Manasseh, Ephraim), + 1 (Jacob/Israel), = 70/75.

32/33 (6 s/b, 1/2 d, 4 s, 6/5 s (5/4 s, 1 s, -3 s), 3 s, +/- 1 d, -2 s, 1 s, 2 s, 2 gs, 4 s, 3 s) of Leah,
+ 14/18 (2 s, 10/9/7 s/gs, 2 s, - other sons, 1 gs, 1 ggs, 2 gs, 1 ggs) of Rachel,
= 47,
+ 7 (2, 4, 1) of Bilhah,
= 54,
+ 16 (2 s, 7 s, 4/3 s, 1 d, 2 gs) of Zilpah,
= 69/70,
+ 1 Jacob/Leah,
= 70/71/75,
+ 3 (Leah, Blihah, Zilpah, - Rachel),
= 75?
(1 missing in the Leah group has been proposed to be explained by "Jacob had another (missing) daughter" since verse 15 says "daughters (plural)", possibly though it might be either Jacob or Leah or the Canaanitess or Jochebed or Tamar or Hirah?)

Note by the way that Benjamins sons list differs between Genesis, Numbers, and Chronicles. (Judah's 5 sons in Chronicles also is different?)

Joseph and Jesus

Continuing our Old Testament ante-types of Jesus we now show how Joseph was a type of Jesus:

Joseph: (dreams of) Joseph; "I will save the house of Joseph"; "the house of Joseph a flame"; "the God of Armies, will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph"; "Joseph [shall have two] portions"; "the sons of Jacob and Joseph"
Jesus: Jesus son of Joseph; Joseph step-father of Jesus had dreams too; Messiah ben Joseph; Joses half-brother of Jesus.

Joseph: 12 brothers.
Jesus: 12 disciples/apostles.

Joseph: favourite son of his father Jacob/Israel
Jesus: only begotten son; this is my son in who I am well pleased.

Joseph: had a coat of many colours.
Jesus: had a seamless cloak/robe with tassels; "they parted my raiment".

Joseph: "Shepherd of Israel, you who lead Joseph like a flock"; Joseph "was feeding the flock with his brothers"; "from there is the shepherd" (Gen 49)
Jesus: the Good Shepherd; "feed my sheep"; Lamb of God; Abel's sacrifice.

Joseph: dream that 11 brothers bowed; 11 brothers bowed to Joseph in Egypt.
Jesus: "every knee shall bow"

Joseph: sold for silver peices.
Jesus: sold for 30 silver pieces.

Joseph: "The patriarchs, moved with jealousy against Joseph"
Jesus: Jewish leaders were jealous of Jesus

Joseph was thought by Jacob/Israel to have been dead
Jesus was supposed to not to have risen after the crucifixion.

Joseph: Joseph in Egypt
Jesus: "out of Egypt i have called my son"

Joseph: "him who was separate from his brothers"
Jesus: Nazirite "consecrated/separated"? was in desert(ed) places. His half-brothers didn't believe in him until after resurrection.

Joseph: "Joseph was sold for a slave".
Jesus: Jesus was a "suffering servant", he did the Father's will not his own; Judas/Jews betrayed Jesus to the Romans for crucifiction.

Joseph: "God was with him".
Jesus: God/Father was with him; Emmanuel "God with us".

Joseph: resisted temptations.
Jesus: resisted temptations.

Joseph falsely accused; "was silent before his accuser" (Potiphar's wife)?
Jesus falsely accused of blasphemy, and stiring up trouble, and rivaling Caesar.

Joseph: baker & cupbearer.
Jesus: two thieves one on either side of Jesus on Cross.

Joseph: was about 30 years old.
Jesus: was about 30 years old.

Joseph: called Zaphenath-paneah which might mean "..."; saved Egypt and world from the famine.
Jesus: ....

Joseph was a adon "lord" over the land, to who they called abrech "bow the knee"
Jesus was Adonai/Kyrios/Marya "lord", rabboni "chief/master/teacher"

Joseph: famine called "great tribulation" in Acts.
Jesus: great tribulation in Revelation.

Joseph: son Ephraim ("..."); Joseph is "an offshoot of a fruitful/fruit-bearing tree/vine".
Jesus: Bethlehem-Ephratha; called sprout/shoot/branch; Vine; "by their fruits you will know them".

Joseph: gave bread to hungry (famine victims)
Jesus: gave loaves and fishes; was the true manna/bread from heaven.

Joseph is considered to have some sort of close connection with Imhotep who was an architect, and was connected with healing.
Jesus was a carpenter and a healer.

Joseph: not recognised by brothers until
"on the 2nd time Joseph made himself known to his (12) brothers/brethren".
Jesus: (Judas) Thomas missed 1st appearance and doubted, he saw Jesus at 2nd appearance and then believed; Jesus is not accepted/seen/found by brethren Jews until last days/end times.

Joseph: 70/72/75 souls came with Jacob
Jesus: 70/72 disciples.

Joseph: Joseph/Zaphenath might be Sekhemhet/Djosertyankh who had a large fennel branch on his (empty) sarcophaus
Jesus: called sprout/shoot/branch (golden bough) (&/or seed).

Joseph: "the birthright was Joseph's"; "his (Reuben's) birthright was given to the sons of Joseph (Eprhraim)"
Jesus: only begotten son of God; first of the resurrected.

Joseph: "He appointed it in Joseph for a testimony".
Jesus: "this is my blood of the new covenant/testimony"; true and faithful witness.

Joseph: Great Sphinx of Giza facing East might be the head of Joseph/Zaphenath and/or Lion of Judah of Genesis 49.
Jesus: Lion of Judah, "Aslan"; called the Day Star.

Joseph: the pyramids might be the eternal mountains/hills of Genesis 49, and they may have been built by Joseph.
Jesus: was a "carpenter/architect/builder/mason".

Joseph: "Let [the blessing] come on the head of Joseph, On the crown of the head of him"
Jesus: annointed one; head of the church; crown of thorns; Golgotha/Calvary "Skull Hill".

Joseph: "from there is the shepherd,  the stone of Israel" (Gen 49); Messiah ben Joseph.
Jesus: Good Shepherd; cornerstone; Messiah; son of Joseph; from Bethlehem-Ephratha.

Joseph: "God will surely visit you".
Jesus: the long promised visitation of lamb/son of God; Jesus cried over Jerusalem/Jews because they "knew not the time of visitation"; Emmanuel "God with us".

Joseph: Different king who knew not Joseph.
Jesus: Herod; Pilate/Emperor; Pope; Hitler; Antichrist.

Joseph: "as the firstborn of a bull"
Jesus: in the beginning was the Word; only begotten son of God; 1st of the resurrection.

Joseph: he will push peoples all together to the ends of the earth.
Jesus: gospel to all nations; rule the earth with rod of iron in millenium; every knee shall bow and every tongu confess that Jesus is lord.

Joseph: "The archers have sorely grieved him, shot at him, and persecute him"; "they are not grieved for the affliction of Joseph".
Jesus: born in a manger/cave, death of step father, temptation, living sinless life, not marrying, beheading of friend John Baptist, being called illegitimate, being rejected, betrayed by friend, deserted by disciples, sweating blood, spat at, beard thorn out, beating with a reed, crown of thorns, suffered scourging/whipping, crucifiction, bearing our sins and sicknesses on cross, given vinegar to drink, forsaken by God when took our sins; persecution by Saul of Tarsus; stoning of Stephen.

Joseph: "the stick of Joseph, which is in the hand of Ephraim".
Jesus: son of woman rules with a rod of Iron; Ark containing Aaron's rod symbol of Jesus.


Addenda/Supplement:

Famous Joseph/Joses/Asaph namesakes: Joseph son of Jacob, "St" Joseph father of Jesus, Joseph of Aramathea, Josephus/Josephes son of Joseph of Aramathea, high priest Joseph (ben) Caiaphas, Flavius Josephus, Joseph Cartaphilus, Joseph Stalin, Joseph Goebbels, Asaph in Psalms; Franz Josef (Austria); Josephine Beauharnais/Bonaparte; Joseph Smith (Mormons); Joseph Chamerblain; Jose ha/the Galilean; judge Joseph Force Carter; Michael Yussef (pastor on TV); Joseph Campbell; Joseph Barsabas (Acts); Joseph Bonaparte; Giuseppe Mazzini; Giuseppe Garibaldi.

OT types of Jesus Christ

People in the Old Testament of the Bible who seem to be pre-types of Jesus Christ (the Messiah) include Abel, Noah's Ark, Melchizedek, Isaac, Joseph*, lion of Judah, Moses*, Ark of the Covenant, Joshua, Samson, Boaz, David, Tutankhamen, Absalom? Solomon, Isa(iah), Ishi, Jonah, Josiah? Jeshua/Zerubbabel.

We recently posted on the Ark of the Covenant as symbolizing Jesus here : http://www.allempires.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=23942&PID=723110#723110 .

We wish to especially write posts of the correspondences of Joseph and Moses with Jesus. In this post we post on correspondences of Moses and Jesus. Joseph will hopefully be a forthcoming post (Lord willing).

Moses: was a beautiful/handsome baby/child (Acts, Hebrews).
Jesus: is symbolised by the wonderful golden ark of the covenant.

Moses: saved from massacre of babies by Pharaoh.
Jesus: saved from massacre of babies by Herod.

Moses: may be Pepi 1 & 2. Pepi on mothers lap similar to Mary and baby Jesus.
Jesus: Mary and baby in Catholic & Orthodox pictures/statues.

Moses: Miriam sister of Moses
Jesus: Mary mother of Jesus; Mary Magdalene friend/disciple of Jesus

Moses: "was instructed in all the wisdom"
Jesus: "where did this man get all this wisdom/knowledge?" debated with rabbis/scribes when 12 years old.

Moses: take off your sandles for this is holy ground.
Jesus: John said not worthy to unlatch the sandals of Jesus feet.

Moses: "Moses, his chosen", appointed as ruler and judge by God/Lord; had been rejected by Jews; "Moses, his servant, and Aaron, whom he had chosen".
Jesus: chosen/annointed, appointed as king and judge by God/Lord; has been rejected by Jews; Jesus identified with high priest in Hebrews.

Moses: did not realise God was given them salvation.
Jesus: name means "Jah salvation/saves"; the Saviour; "salvation is of the Jews".

Moses: "was powerful in words and deeds"; "They (Moses & Aaron) performed miracles among them, and wonders"
Jesus: was great/powerful in words/teaching and deeds/miracles/healings.

Moses: passover lamb.
Jesus: lamb of god died on/at passover.

Moses: came out of Egypt.
Jesus: "out of Egypt i have called my son".

Moses: lead Israelites/Hebrews through Red/Reed Sea; "all baptised in same cloud and sea".
Jesus: baptised by John; sign of Jonah; died and cross, and we all die and raise with him. (Cloud = holy spirit, or baptism of water/John?)

Moses: divided the waters; arms held up by 2 people on either side;
Jesus: 2 thieves on either side of cross; divided sheep/wheat & goats/tares.

Moses: "the servant/man of God"; "was faithful in all his house as a servant, for a testimony of those things which were afterward to be spoken"
Jesus: son/servant of God/Father; "Christ is faithful as a Son over his house".

Moses: Mt Sinai, Mt Hor, Mt Nebo.
Jesus: sermon on mount, mount of transfiguration, (Mt Tabor?) Mt Calvary/Golgotha, Mt of Olives/Olivet, (Mt Zion).

Moses: God gave the law/commandments/Torah through him; "to love Yahweh your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commandments, and to cleave to him, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul"; "just as we listened to Moses in all things".
Jesus: the word of god; kept the law ("that the law of Moses may not be broken"); "a new commandment i give you"; "he who loves me keeps my commandments"; all law/commandments in love lord and love neighbour; fulfilled the law; the royal law; writes law in our hearts.

Moses: two tablets ("inscribed on both sides". )
Jesus: God writes law in our hearts (two halfs of heart).

Moses: 3 days up Mt Sinai ("early in morning" of 3rd day) (Moses went "down and up").
Jesus: 3 days in tomb (like Jonah) ("day begins at sunrise not sunset, Jesus rose near dawn on Sunday").

Moses: "has given you circumcision".
Jesus: circumcised on 8th day; circumcises hearts via cross/baptism.

Moses: sprinkled everything with blood (with wool & hyssop); "this is the blood of the covenant".
Jesus: lamb of god; blood of christ who died on cross; cleanses/purifies us like hyssop does; new covenant as he said with the wine/blood at Last Supper.

Moses: "speaking to Moses to make it according to the pattern he had seen"; "God has spoken to Moses"; "He made known his ways to Moses"; "whom Yahweh knew face to face".
Jesus: what i hear/see i speak/do; do the Father's will not own.

Moses: "had Moses, ... not stood before him in the breach, to turn away his wrath"
Jesus: stood in the breach for us on cross, saves us from wrath of God.

Moses: 40 yrs old; 40 years in wilderness.
Jesus: may have died about 40 years old ('his generation")? 40 days in wilderness (day can = year); Jesus was "in the desert(ed) places".

Moses: Nehushtan serpent on cross.
Jesus: died on the cross.

Moses: brought forth water from rock.
Jesus: springs of living water from heart; thirst no more.

Moses: manna from heaven.
Jesus: "I Am the true bread/manna from heaven"; versus Mammon (of unrighteousness).

Moses: "as i was with Moses" (Joshua); "whom Yahweh knew face to face"
Jesus: God/Father was with him; "as I and the Father are One"; "the Word was with God"; Emmanuel "God with us".

Moses: "they feared Moses all the days of his life".
Jesus: scribes & pharisees feared/envied Jesus all his adult life.

Moses: god will raise you up a prophet like me, "It will be, that every soul that will not listen to that prophet will be utterly destroyed from among the people"; suceeded by Joshua; "There has not arisen a prophet since in Israel like Moses".
Jesus: John said he was not that prophet; Jesus was a prophet like Moses; Jesus was raised up; reveleation tells of a 'the false prophet' in last days; everyone who doesnt accept Jesus is lost.
Mohammed: claimed to be the Prophet.

Moses name might be related to Messiah? "saved from water".
Jesus Christ was the messiah. Saviour.

Moses: founder of Judaism.
Jesus: founder of Christianity.

Moses: disappeared when/after died.
Jesus: ascended to heaven after died.

Moses: "we are disciples of Moses"
Jesus: disciples.

Moses: "The scribes and the Pharisees sat on Moses' seat"; ("the right hand of Moses"?)
Jesus: throne of David; seated at right hand of God; mercy seat.

Moses: "death reigned from Adam to Moses.
Jesus: Adam to Jesus/Cross.

(Moses: "beacame an alien resident in Midian" (Acts).
Mohammed: in Arabia.
Jesus: comes from Teman/Bozrah in prophets; was in desert(ed) places.)

Moses: reincarnation of Seth in Jewish legend.
Jesus: reincarnation of Seth in some traditions.

Moses: "The children of Israel wept for Moses"
Jesus: Zechariah 12:10-14.

Sea Peoples

A possibly important evidence for the correct match of Biblical chronology with Egyptian &/or Mesopotamian chronology may be whether we can find the Sea Peoples of the 19th and 20th dynasty in bibilcal history. If we can find a match for them then it would help confirm that Shishak is 19th dynasty not 22nd dynasty. I have surveyed the bible and made a list of possible matches for the Sea Peoples (see list below), and from my list the 3 or 4 most likely candidates are in the times of Asa, Jehoshaphat, the pre-prophetic period, and Uzziah/Azariah. I find it very interesting that one translation says "large crowd from the region of the sea" in Jehoshaphat's reign, which is a similar phrase to "Sea Peoples" or "Peoples of the Sea". This would make Ramses 3 roughly contemporary or near contemporary with Asa or Jehoshaphat or Uzziah/Azariah, and this fits well with Shishak in the 19th dynasty.

Possible candidate matches for the '(North) Sea Peoples' (Haunebut, Npiam/P3ym) of Merneptah & Ramses 3 in biblical history:

(Firstly note that the Sea Peoples may be linked with the Atlanteans, Phoenicians (Spanuth), Pelasgian Thalassocracy just after Trojan war (Rohl), Keftiou?)

7/"10"/14 sons of Japheth (Genesis 10).
Enemies of Egypt (Exodus 1:10).
Philistim from Caphtor at same time as Exodus (Deut 2:23).
Philistim/Philistines between Samson & David.
Kreti/Cherethites & Pleti/Pelethites of David.
Phoenicians arrival just before David & Solomon.
Libyans, Sukkim & Cushites vs Rehoboam (2 Chron 12:3).
Libyans & Cushites vs Asa (2 Chron 14:9, 16:8).
"no peace ... many disorders among all the inhabitants of the lands. ... nation against nation" in Asa's reign (2 Chron 15:5-6)? *
Alien residents in Asa's reign (2 Chron 15:9)?
32 kings vs Ahab (1 Ki 20:1, 22:31)?
Surrounding kingdoms of Jehoshaphat's reign (2 Chron 17:10, 20:29)?
Philistines tribute to Jehoshaphat (2 Chron 17:11).
Meunites/Ammonim & vast army or "large crowd from the region of the sea" vs Jehoshaphat (2 Chron 20:1-2). *
Ships of Tarshish of Jehoshaphat & Ahaziah (1 Ki 22:48, 2 Chron 20:36-37).
Hittite (2 Ki 7:6)?
Philistines (2 Ki 8:2).
Philistines & Arabs/Cushites vs Jehoram (2 Chron 21:16, 22:1).
Kreti/Cherethites/Carites of Joash (2 Ki 11:4).
Gath in reign of Joash (2 Ki 12:17).
Ha Saponi/Philistines ("Pre-Prophetic period", Spanuth). *
Philistines, Arabs & Meunites vs Uzziah (2 Chron 26:6). *
Earthquake in reign of Uzziah & Jeroboam II (Amos 1:1).
Army of locusts "probably during Uzziah" (Joel 2, Revelation 9).
Philistines vs Ahaz (2 Chron 28:18).
Desert of the Sea (Isaiah 21:1)?
Philistines vs Hezekiah (2 Ki 18:8).
Sea Beast (Daniel 7, Revelation 12/13/17, Gildas).
Gog & Magog (Ezekiel 38:2, Revelation 20:8).
Orichalc (Revelation 1:15).

-----

List of Sea Peoples tribes/nations/peoples:
Akawasha/Aqaiwasha/Aqauasha/Ekwesh
Dardany/Dardani/Dandani
Den(y)e(n)/Danuna/Da(a)nau
Ekwesh/Akawasha/Aqaiwasha/Aqauasha
Haunebu(t)
Karkisha
Libu
Luk(k)a/Lukku/Liku/Leka
Ma(shauasha)/Meshwesh/Weshesh
Npaiam/P3ym
Peleset/Pereset
Qaiqasha
Sqrssw/Shekelesh/Shikala
S(h)ardana/Sherden
Seped
Toakkari/Tjekker/Sak(s)ar/Zak(k)ar(i)/Zekkaru
Tu(i)r(i)sha/Teresh/Tulisha
Uash(u)ash(a)/Vasasa/Weshesh/Meshwesh
Zak(k)ar(i)/Zekkaru/Toakkari/Tjekker/Sak(s)ar

Zerah the Ethiopian

(Updated July 2021.)

This is an updated improved version of our proposal that "Zerah the Ethiopian" of 2 Chronicles in the Bible may match Merneptah of the 19th dynasty of ancient Egypt.
Not long after the death of King Solomon a king Shishak/Susakim of Egypt raided Jerusalem in the reign of Rehoboam. A few decades later we are told in 2 Chronicles 14:9 that a king "Zerah the Cushite/Ethiopian" came against Asa the king of Judah with "a million troops and 300 chariots". Asa called on Yhwh who "struck the Ethiopians before Asa". Conventional scholars equate Shishak with Sheshonk/Soshenk of the 22nd dynasty (and maybe Zerah with Osorkhon of the 22nd or 23rd dynasty), but Rohl equates Shishak with Ramses 2 of the 19th dynasty, and we show in a separate article that the conventional match is surely wrong and Rohl's is surely right. So Shishak is found but Zerah still remains to be found. Rohl has proposed a couple of options for Zerah but they are not overly strong. We searched all through Egyptian history and the histories of some other neighbouring nations around Israel/Palestine, focusing especially but not exclusively on the 19th dynasty period, and of the various candidates we found it seems that only one is very likely: Merneptah of the 19th dynasty. There are a number of seeming possible details matches between Zerah and Merneptah which each and all together make a good case for them being one and the same historical person. Now let us consider these matches one by one.

Previous & succeeding matches, Shishak match:
A major evidence for Zerah being the likes of Merneptah is that it fits with previous and succeeding Egyptian-Biblical matches or synchronisms. David Rohl and others (including myself) have given good evidences for that King David has matches with the Amarna letters period, and that Shishak of Kings & Chronicles matches Ramses II (see separate articles). Zerah was only a couple or few decades after Shishak (Ramses II) raided Jerusalem, and Merneptah is just after Ramses II (Shishak). Other theories that Shishak & Zerah could match the likes of Ramses III & Userhau or Ramses 4 are unlikely because the candidates are too long after David & the Amarna period. Shishak as Ramses II also has better matches for the 480 yrs from the exodus to Solomon.
Perhaps interestingly we also might note that some have connected the Ethiopian Menelik with Shishak's raid, and Menelik's name is similar to the name of our Zerah candidate Merneptah who was son and successor of our Shishak candidate Ramses II, which might confirm our Shishak/Ramses and Zerah/Merneptah matches.

12th &/or 13th dyn - Moses/exodus
18th dyn Amarna period - David/Agur
15/16th to 19th dyn 400 yrs - 480 yrs exodus to Solomon
19th dyn Ramses 2 - Shishak/Solomon/Ano/Rehoboam
19th dyn Merneptah - Zerah/Asa? Menelik?
20th dyn Sea Peoples - Asa? or Jehoram? or Ahaz?

Name or meaning match:
The bible calls the leader of the invasion in Asa's reign Zerach ha Kushiy or Zare 0' Aithiopsi "Zerah/Zare the Kushite/Ethiopian" (Sera in Ethiopian, Terah in Ugaritic). The name Zerah/Terah might mean either "(the sun) shineth" or "dawn/eastern/sunrise/rising" or "station/laggard/delay" or "mountain goat" or "moon".
Although we don't know for sure that Merneptah had any Zerah-like name, or that Merneptah has a match with one of the meanings of the name Zerah, Merneptah does have a number of possible candidate names for the origin of the name Zerah including:
- Zerah could be a short nickname derived from Merneptah's throne name/prenomen Mery-netjeru, or his Horus name and/or birth name/nomen epithet Hetephermaat/Hotephima (eg the -tjeru or -tep-her-, similar to Sese/Shishak being a short nickname derived from Ramses).
- Merneptah's throne name Baenra "soul of Ra" is similar (excluding the -n-, except for B- instead of Z-).
- Merneptah's epithet "he who binds Gezer" is partly similar (ie the -zer).
- Zerah might be linked with the "seed" &/or "Isiriar/Ysrir/Isra-el" in the Merneptah Stele (since "seed" is zer in Semitic or Sumerian).
- Merneptah's title Perao is similar (except for P- instead of Z-).
- Merneptah may match the Terah of the Ugaritic texts who Velikovsky showed may match the biblical Zerah (see more details later/below).
- Merneptah might be linked with the "Tirhakah/Taharqa/Tearko the Ethiopian" who Hoeh said Mariette found had made the same sovereignty claim(s) as Ramses II had made.
- Zerah/Zare/Sera might be from Merneptah's birth name/nomen Se-ra/Sa-re "son of Ra/Re"?
- from his link with Osiris as seen in his Osiride sarcophagus.
- Bey confused Merneptah with Si-ptah whose name is also similar to Zerah (except -pt- instead or -r-).
- from Sethos-Ramesses who Merneptah as "Amenophis" is associated with in the story of Osarsiph? (I.e. the first two letters of his two names Seti-Ramses are similar to Ze-rah. Ramses means "son/born of Ra/sun", and Zerah/Sera could mean "son of Ra" in Egyptian.)
- from Merneptah's Horus name Ka-nakht-sa-ra?
- Terah/Zerah was a moon god, and there was an eclipse before Merneptah's Canaanite campaign.
- Merneptah was quite old when he succeeded due to Ramses having reigned so long, and he "would have preparedtobepharaoh" wich could match the "station/laggard/delay" meaning of Zerah?
It is also maybe possible that the name Mareshah/Moresheth and/or the Zephathah in the Zerah story might be a pun or a hint at the name Me(r)neptah/Menephta/Mer(i)enptah and/or Hetephermaat and/or Siptah similar to the Bible Skip Code?

Campaign match:
Chronicles says Zerah came against Judah, and the places mentioned in the campaign are Mareshah (or Moresheth-Gath?), Zephathah, and Gerar. Places mentioned in the campaign of Terah in the Ugaritic texts are Sapasites, Edom Rabbim/Rabbot, and Edom Serirot (or Sarira?)
Zerah's campaign in Chronicles could match either or both of Merneptah crushing a flash revolt in southern Syria, and/or the campaign in the Israel Stele or Merneptah Stele.
Places mentioned in the Merneptah Stele are Hatti, Canaan, Ashkelon, Gezer, Yanoam, Israel or Jezreel, and Hurru/Syria/Palestine.
Merneptah was made an/the overseer of the army in Ramses 2's 40th year.
The Stele saying "Canaan has been plundered in every evil way, .... (the people of) Israel is devastated, her seed is no more, Hurru has become a widow for Egypt.... .... Everyone who roamed he has subdued him" is maybe similar to Asa and the Judahites carried of a large amount of plunder and destroyed all the villages around Gerar and looted/plundered all these villages in 2 Chronicles 14:13-15 & 15:11.
Gezer in the Merneptah stele is not far from Gerar in the Chronicles Zerah story (and the names are similar).
The Stele saying "All lands, they are united in peace. Everyone who roamed he has subdued him" is also similar to there was peace and no war for years in Asa's reign (2 Chron 14:1, 6, 15:19).
I'm not sure if the fact that Merneptah's mummy was originally not found but was later found stashed in another place could possibly be connected with his defeat by Asa?
Merneptah is called Amenophis in Manetho's king list, and in Manetho's Osarsiph story king Amenophis and/or prince Seti-Ramses came from Ethiopia and chased the rebels from Avaris to the bounds of Syria. (Jerusalem is also mentioned earlier in the story.)

Cushite/Ethiopian match:
Zerah is called a Cushite/Ethiopian in the biblical text. Though according to Robert Palmer the original Hebrew or Greek words don't say/mean "Zerah the Ethiopian" but rather that Zerah came with the Ethiopians who are the main subject/emphasis in the verse. In 2 Chronicles chapter 16 it says Zerah came with Ethiopians.
Merneptah crushed a revolt and rebels in the south or Nubia.
[I had a note in my filed that "Merenptah employed large numbers of Ethiopian troops during his military campaigns into Palestine" but I am not sure if/what source this was from and I can't find it in web/net searching?]
Merneptah is also apparently the "Amenophis" in Manetho's king list and in Manetho's story of Osarsiph, and this latter Amenophis also went to Ethiopia and came back from there.
Merneptah's sarcophagus is carved in Osiride form, and Osiris or "Dionysus" also came from Ethiopia in some accounts. His several sarcophagi were carved in various stones including rose & black granite, and the black colour might mean Merneptah was partly of black race.
Merneptah's mummy had some black hairs.
Merneptah was at Thebes which is in Upper or South Egypt.
Or I'm not sure if it is possible if maybe Merneptah as crown prince (repa) might have been King's son of Kush (Viceroy of Nubia)??

Merneptah's father Ramses also has possible links with Kush/Ethiopia (and/or Zerah's/Merneptah's invasion might have been during Ramses reign).
Seti and Ramses are both connected with Cush/Nubia (refs Bey, Clayton).
Ramses 2 could be "Ethiopian" via his associations with: Memnon, black granite statue/head, temple in Abu Simbel in Nubia in the South, other mortuary temples in Nubia as far south as Napata, stele at Elephantine, raided Nubia later in his reign.

Although the bible says Zerah and/or the army were Kushites/Ethiopians it doesn't mean Zerah can't be Egyptian. Some say Cush can be Arabia, but there is no evidence of Zerah's large army coming from there. Cush is probably Ethiopia. For such a large army of Ethiopians to reach Judah they would surely come through Egypt, unless they crossed over the Suez or sailed up the Suez both of which are unlikely.

Lubim match:
2 Chronicles 16:8 says Zerah also came with Lubim. These Lubim are either Libyans, Lydians, Arabs (l/r interchange), or Nubians (l/n interchange)?
Seti 1 & Ramses 2 had campaigns/raids in Libya (refs Bey, Clayton), and they are both connected with the Thuhi/Thuhen/Tuheni "the light or fair people" of Libya.
Merneptah put down a Libyan revolt, and/or he won victories over the Libyans and Sea Peoples. The word Libya is first mentioned in Merneptah's reign.
Merneptah crushed a revolt and rebels in the south or Nubia.
It would not be surprising for Merneptah to have Libyans or Nubians in his force. Maybe compare Ramses III mentions "numerous foreign mercenaries" in his inscription.

Chariots & horsemen match, & Army numbers match
Shishak came with 1200 chariots and 60000 horsemen, and no number to the people that came with him, and abit later Zerah came with a "thousand thousand" or a million men and 300 chariots (or "very many chariots and horsemen" in 2 Chronicles 16), while Asa had 300,000 men. (The Zerah story is one of only a few appearances of the word "million" in the whole bible.) In the Ugaritic texts Terah came with "300 x 10000" or 3 million men.
Horses and/or chariots figure in events of the 15th and 18th and 19th dynasties in Egypt and Canaan/Israel/Palestine (Clayton, Wyatt).
The Apiru of the 19th dynasty were senen "knights".
Ramses 2 "gathered together one of the greatest forces of Egyptian troops ever seen, 20000 men in four divisions of 5000 each.... .... The Hittite king assembled an army even greater .... In two sections of about 18000 and 19000 men, plus 2500 chariots...." (Ref Clayton.) Ramses built factories which produced "some 1000 weapons... about 250 chariots in 2 weeks...." (ref Wiki).
Rohl suggested the Merneptah stele's connection with horses/chariots may indicate a date not before Solomon in the bible?
In Manetho's story of Osarsiph Amenophis & Seti-Ramses came with a "great army". The story mentions 80,000 rebels, 200,000 Hyksos, and 300,000 who were with Amenophis & Seti-Ramses. Amenophis in Manetho's king list matches Merneptah or Amenmesses.

Ugarit match?
Velikovsky showed in his book Ages in Chaos that Terah of the Ugarit texts may match Zerah of the bible. (A Swsk also occurs in Ugaritic texts and he might match Shishak.)
Two pharaohs have a close connection with fires or destructions at Ugarit: Akhenaten/Amenhotep IV (who is connected with Ugarit in the Amarna letters and Rohl) and Merneptah/"Amenophis" (whose name was found in Ugarit).
Hurru "Syria" is also mentioned in the Merneptah stele.

Year(s) match?
Zerah was only a couple/few decades after Shishak's/Ramses' raid, but Ramses is supposed to have reigned a long time (66 yrs) and Ramses' Jerusalem campaign was in his first decade (Shalama or Kadesh), so Zerah's campaign must have fallen within the 21st to 39th years of Ramses II's reign. The bible might imply that Zerah was not a king, though it might imply he was one (see King match below). So we need to see if Zerah can or can't match Merneptah as a commander or as a co/sub king a couple/few decades later in Ramses' reign after his Jerusalem raid, or as a king after Ramses' reign.

Asa: 10 yrs, Zerah "11th" or "14th" yr, 15th yr, no war 15th-35th, 35th yr, 39th yr, 41st yr.

Solomon 0/1/2/3/4 + Rehoboam 5 yrs = 5th/7th/8th/9th yr of Ramses/Shishak.

Rehoboam 12 + Abijah 3 + Asa 15/14/10/5/1? = Zerah "34"30/29/25/20/16 yrs after Shishak's campaign.

Ramses 5th/7th/8th/9th yr + "34"/30/29/25/20/16 = Zerah in "42"/39/38/37/36/35/34/33/32/30/29/28/27/25/24/23/21 yr of R2/Shishak.

Ramses reigned ca 4/6 yrs co & 66/67 yrs sole or ca 70/71/72/73 yrs total (or 1 + 12/13 jubilees which is 30 + 24/26/36/39 = 54/56/66/69, at 90/92 yo, OC), or reigned ca 9 yrs co/heir/prince & 55 yrs sole & 11 yrs co or 66/75 yrs total (NC).

Ramses 2nd yr defeated Sherden / Beirut stele / Aswan stele, 3rd yr starts building, 4th yr first Syria/Amurru campaign, 4th yr Beirut stelae? 5th yr second Syria campaign / battle of Kadesh, ca 5th yr raid against Libya, 7th yr third Syria/Jerusalem/Judah/Edom/Moab campaign, 8th yr Shalama campaign, 8th yr fourth? campaign Syria/Qadesh, 9th yr fourth/fifth? Syria/Qadesh campaign, 9th yr Beth Shean stele, 10th yr fifth? Syria campaign, 10th yr Beirut stele, 10th yr to Dapur, 16th/17th yr "exodus", ca 17th yr crisis with Hittites, 18th yr Edom/Moab, ca 19th yr revolt crushed,* 20th/21st yr treaty with Hittites,* 30th yr quake at Abu Simbel,* 40th yr Merneptah overseer of army,* 43rd yr raid into Nubia,* 52nd yr lunar observation, 55th yr Merneptah heir, 67th yr Ramses died and Merneptah succeeded.

Merneptah was overseer of the army during the last 27 yrs of Ramses II's reign, and was heir during the last 12/13 yrs of Ramses' reign, & reigned 10 yrs as pharaoh/king or 23 yrs heir and pharaoh (OC), or reigned 8/11 yrs co & 2 yrs co or 9/10/13 yrs ("not 19 yrs") total (NC).

Merneptah 4th yr Shalem (Rohl)? 5th yr Libyans attempt invasion, 5th yr Merneptah stele.

We see that there might possibly be a match of the amount of years Zerah was after Shishak's reign started ("42"/39/38/37/36/35/34/33/32/30/29/28/27/25/24/23/21 yrs) with the years of Ramses 2 (ca 19th yr revolt crushed, 20th/21st yr treaty with Hittites, 30th yr quake at Abu Simbel, 40th yr Merneptah overseer of army, 43rd yr raid into Nubia)?

Merneptah was overseer of the army during the latter two years (40th yr, 43rd yr).
Merneptah wasn't heir or co-ruler or sole ruler until some years after the 21st-42nd years, though it might perhaps be possible that Ramses did not really reign so long as 66 yrs as modern conventional Egyptologists/scholars state, and if so then Merneptah could have been heir or co-ruler or succesor pharaoh/king earlier than is thought (compare both Ramses 2's years featuring Merneptah and Merneptah's years featuring Ramses 2).

Strangely Oxford has Zerah's campaign in Asa's 14th year, while Merneptah was heir for 13 yrs and/or reigned a total of 13 yrs in NC, and Merneptah as "Amenophis" in Manetho's Osarsiph story is also linked with a period of 13 fatal years. (Merneptah was also Ramses II's 13th son.)

Drought/famine match?
There was a drought/famine in the times of Ramses 2 and/or Merneptah according to some sources. This might be related to the drought/famine of Elijah who was a (close/near) contemporary of Asa (in whose reign Zerah invaded)?

Was/not a king match:
Although the Bible doesn't specifically state that Zerah was a pharaoh/king it doesn't mean he was not one. The bible does have him heading/leading the massive force similar to a king. Josephus does call him a king. Some modern sources say Zerah wasn't a king but was a commander or other officer/official, though some other modern sources say Zerah was a king.
It looks like Zerah's invasion was during Merneptah's reign, though it might be possible that it was lead by Merneptah during Ramses' reign. Zerah was only a couple/few decades after Shishak's/Ramses' raid on Jerusalem, and Ramses had a long reign and Zerah's campaign would fall in his reign.
Merneptah was made overseer of the army in Ramses 2's 40th year, and was heir for the last 13 years of Ramses' long reign, and Rohl has Merneptah as co-reigning with Ramses 2 in the latter's later years.

Harpes match?
In the Ugaritic texts' Terah/Zerah's invasion force is armed with harpes (scimitars) of copper and daggers of bronze.
"Examples of harpes have been found in Gezer in southern Palestine." Gezer occurs in the Merneptah Stele.

Date(s)/chronology match:
Critics and skptics who adhere to the "expert" "scientific" conventional chronology will object that Zerah of ca 900s/800s bc can match Merneptah of "1200s" bc. We can not adequitely address the dates issue in this short piece. So we can only list a few evidences for the conventional dates of the dynasties being too high/old/long and/or for the true dates of the dynasties being lower/shorter/later as in Rohl's chronology (from the 13th dynasty down).
Conventional sources admit that they find no trace of Joseph in the 15th/16th dynasty, no trace of Moses or the exodus in the 19th dynasty, that their exodus is too close to the Merneptah stele, no trace of Joshua's Jericho in the iron age strata, that they have less than 480 yrs between "the exodus in the 19th dynasty" and "Shishak/Sheshonk", and that Sheshonk's campaign list doesn't match Shishak's.
The conventional overall Egyptian chronology is manifestly too long when compared with other sources like the Bible and Herodotus.
The conventional match of the era of Menophres with Ramses I Menpehtyre is unreliable because Menophres may not match Menpehtyre and might match other candidates like Menes or Amenophis/Phamenoph, and the era date has at least two different conflicting dates.
Rohl said that the only time that the Ugarit solar eclipse during the Amarna period could have occured is in 1012 bc.
Rohl said the lunar observation of Ramses 2's reign (Papyrus Leiden) could equally apply to a date 300 yrs later than the conventional chronology's "1200s" date.
(Though actually astronomical dating is unreliable because ancient sources testify to changes in the Earth's and/or heavenly bodies paths, eg Joshua's long day, Hezekiah's sun goes back 10 steps.)
Some conventional sources now admit that Siriadic/Sothaic dating is unreliable. Rohl questioned the Sothaic date of Amenhotep 1 in the Ebers Papyrus suggesting it relates to calendar reform.
Rohl and others have shown evidences for Shishak matching Ramses 2.
Rohl and others including myself have shown evidences for the Amarna letters period and Heretic kings period matching the United Monarchy period.
Joseph has strong matches with the 3rd-4th dynasties period.
Herodotus said Menes was (1)1340 yrs (or 1134(0) yrs?) before Seti, and Josephus said Menes was 1300 or "1399" yrs before Solomon/Shishak, which makes Menes not before ca 2300s bc and makes Seti & Solomon/Shishak roughly contemporaries. (Compare that Josephus said they were called Pharaohs down until time of Sol/Shishak/Seti, and Newton said they were gods down until time of Menes/Merneptah.)
Herodotus said Moeris (12th dyn) was only 900 yrs before Amasis 2 or Amyrtaeus or Herodotus.
There are possible mentions of Hebrews/Israelites in Canaan before the Israel Stele including the ***** of the Soleb inscription, the Sagaz Mesh "people of the rebel Mesh" or Habiru of the Amarna letters.
The three Intermediate Periods are more uncertain periods of chronology.
Rohl gives evidences for the 21st & 22nd dynasties being contemporary (Osorkhon II before Psusennes I).
The Apis Bulls sequence is unreliable because they only cover the 18th to 33rd dynasties, and there is a gap between the 20th/21st & 22nd dynasties, and I have seen two different lengths/ages for the Apis bulls.
Regnal years are unreliable because they don't always know of co-regencies, and there may be overlapping or contemporary dynasties.
Shiphrah of Exodus 1 of ca ca 1491 bc may match Spra of the 12th dynasty of "1833-1743/1745" bc.
Jabin of Hazor of Judges 4 of ca 1300s bc may match Ibni/Yabni of Hazor of "18th" cent / "1796-1780" / "1760s" or "18th-17th" cents bc.
Rohl submitted 3 non-royal genealogies which with a generation of 20-23 yrs support Ramses II being 10th century bc.
Most of the Egyptian king lists only cover from the 1st to the 19th dynasties, and the later dynasties are only really covered by Manetho who is not necessarily very reliable. Egyptology seems to have the most regard for the Turin king list but this is the most exagerated and fragmentary list of the lot.
Rohl said that the horses/chariots in the Merneptah stele indicate a date of not before Solomon?
Zoan/"Tanis" of Isaiah might match the Tanite 21st or 22nd or 23rd dynasties.
The names of the 22nd dynasty kings resemble Assyrian & Elamite names (Osorkhon & Sargon, Takeloth & Tiglath/Tukulti, Nimlot & Nimrod, Shoshenk & Susinak).
There are synchronisms between the 22nd dynasty and Phoenician kings which might indicate a time around about that of Jezebel etc (rather than of Hiram).
The name Yehoram in Sheshonk's campaign list might also imply that Shoshenk was after the king Jehoram/Joram.
Bey has anti-kings of the 19th & 20th dynasties.
Zerah invaded Judah in the reign of Asa. Omri father of Ahab became king in Asa's 31st year. Ahab married Jezebel daughter of Ethbaal of Sidon. There is a Atbaal-ramagu of Tyre in Merneptah's 3rd year.

No other candidates:
We could find no other equal or better quality candidates (for Shishak and) for Zerah.
Past proposed candidates for Shishak/Susakim have been:
Sesostris (Newton, Velikovsky);
Tuthmosis 1 (Velikovsky);
Tuthmosis 3 (Velikovsky, Courville, Drnhawkins/Prometheo, Hoeh, Down, Warthen);
Ay/Armais (Booysen);
Tutankh-amen (me);
Zeserkheperu Horemhab (Palmer, Rohl?)
Ramses 2 (Rohl, me);
Ramses 3 (James);
Ramses 4;
Ramses 9 (Furlong);
21st dyn (Jerome)?
Sesonchosis/Sheshonk 1 (conventional, Rice);
Shoshenq 2a (Englebrite/Clarity, Manning).
Past proposed candidates for Zerah have included:
Amenhotep II (Velikovsky, Hoeh, Down);
Terah (Velikovsky);
Usersatet/Usertatet (Mithrandir);
"Usersha(re-setepenre) Ramses II" / Ramses II Sestura (Palmer, me);
King's son of Kush / Viceroy of Kush or king of Napata (Rohl);
Merneptah (me);
Set-nakht User-khau-Re Setpe-nere (me, Andrew P)
Ramses IV User-ra-sotep-en-amen (James & van der Veen);
Userhau (James);
21st dyn (Jerome)?
Osorkhon (old conventional).

Asa or Azariah or Arza match??
Zerah came against Judah in the reign of Asa who was a contemporary of the prophet Azariah, and of Arza (1 Kings 16:9).
Merneptah matches Amenophis in Manetho's king list, and he matches Amenophis in Manetho's story of Osarsiph. Osarsiph in the story of Manetho matches Arisu/Irsu in the inscription of Ramses 3, and the latter is possibly similar to Asa or Azariah son of Oded or Arza.
The prophet Azariah son of Oded is maybe similar to the priest Osarsiph/Arisu and/or the prophet Amenophis son of Hapu in the story of Manetho.

King David and the Amarna Period

This post is about the times of King David in the bible matching in time with the Amarna letters period.

The Amarna letters period have been variously proposed to be connected in biblical history with either: between Joseph and Moses (conventional chronology), or Joshua's invasion, or time of Saul/David/Solomon (Rohl, us), or time of Mesha/Elijah (Velikovsky).

Recently in allempires history forum the elite enemy tried to falsely debunk our correspondence of the time around Saul/David/Solomon with the Amarna letters period and/or the Heretic kings of the end of 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt. They falsely kept making out that we are just all wrong dumb dogs, and that the conventional "1300s" bc date for the Amarna period is supposedly expert authoritative  scholarly opinion, and that the Amarna period being "1300s" bc can not match David of ca 1000s bc in biblical chronology. We gave evidences that the ascribed dates of the Egyptian dynasties in their chronology are not proven fact, and that their few vertical dating evidences supports have problems/pitfalls (eg adding up hundreds of regnal years of multiple dynasties means that every one has to be right without any co-regencies etc), and that their dates don't match horizontally with sources like the bible (eg they admit they "can find little/no trace of Joseph/Moses in Egypt" in the time that they assert they were there in,  and "nothing much in this strata of Jericho" in the time they assert matches Joshua's invasion, and "Sheshonk's campaign doesn't match Shishak's"), and that we have found stark matches in other periods (eg Joseph matches 3rd-4th dynasty far better than their 15th/16th dynasty). Unfortunately they just cunningly kept making out themselves and their chronological supports to be superior gods and us inferior dogs. One of the comments they had made was that the persons etc in Amarna period supposedly don't match the persons etc of Saul's/David's/Solomon's time. We wish to post some evidences here showing that there are some good posisble matches of some Amarna period names/persons with the time of David. One or more of the candidate matches below surely is pretty intriguing enough possible matches if not proof that Amarna period and time of David do have close similarities and could be abouth the same time.

(The following is only in the form of lists of candidates. First is the name/person from Amarna/Bible then after the ~ are the candidate maybe similar names/persons in Bible/Amarna with question marks.)


1. Amarna letters/period &/or Heretic kings of 18th dynasty names similar to names around King David's time:

Akizzi governor/king of Katna/Qatna/"Hamath" ~ Achish son of Maoch/Maacah king of Gath (Gittite) & Ziglag (Philistines)!

Huriya/Naphuriya/Nibhurrereya/Namhuria sar/king of Miisri/Mizri/Egypt (either Akhenaten or Tutankhamen/Nebkheperure/Horus) ~ Uriah the Hittite? Pharaoh?

sons of Libayu/Labaya "lion" of Sakmu/Shechem ~ Lion of Judah? David (slew lion)? Solomon (lion feet throne)? Canaanite prince of Megiddo (lion feet throne)? Othniel "lion"? Samson (solar, slew a lion)? Lemuel? Eliab? Saul? two sons of Samuel/Eli?

Habiru/Apiru / lu Habbatum /amelut Sa-gaz Mesh "brigands, pillagers, cut-throats, people of the rebel Mesh" ~ Heber/Eber/Hebrews/Moses? Abel (pastoralist/bedouin)? Gaza/Gath? Cabiri (Phoenicians)? Hebron?

"i and Abdu-Heba (king of Jerusalem) alone are left to fight the leader of the Habiru.... But behold they have been fighting against me...." "The Habiru are taking the cities of the king." "After they have taken Rubuda, they seek now to take Urusalim." ~ This is possible to match around about or shortly before the time of David taking Jerusalem/Jebus/Zion? or else the time of Caleb versus Adonibezek in Judges 1?

Amurru son of Aziru/Aziri/Hiziri son(s) of Abdi-Ashirta ("the dog"), prince of Amurru (to Damascus, conquered Sumuri, sought Byblos) ~ servants of Hadadezer/Hadarezer son of Rehob king of Zobah (Damascus)?

Abimilku of Surru/Tyre / Abdimilki of Sashimi ~ Ahimelech the Hittite (priest of David)? Abimelech of Shechem (Judges)? Abibalus (Tyre)? Abimelech (Psalm 34)? Hiram Abiff (Tyre)?

Addadanu/Addudani/Adna/Addu of Dan mayor of Gazru/Gezer (of Dumuia) ~ Adonijah? David (Gath)? Hadad (Edomite)?

Aiab/Ayyab (Amarna 256, 364) ~ Joab (c-in-c of army of David)?

Dudu (Amarna 158) ~ David? Dodo (2 Sam 23)? Hadad (Edomite)? Doeg?

Addaia (in Hazati, Amarna 285, 287, 289) ~ David (at Gath/Gaza)? Jedidiah? Hadad/Adados (Edom/Syria)?

Tubu/Tob (Amarna 5) ~ Toi king of Hamath? Zobah?

Shalmaiati/Mayaati (of Tyre, Amarna 155) ~ Solomon? Shulamite? Jerusalem? Absalom? Hiram? Maoch/Maacah?

Sapalulme/Supilili/Suppiluliuma of Hatti ~ Samson? Saul? Solomon? Samuel?

Sehlal (troops of) ~ Shiloh? Saul?

Shunama (Amarna 250) ~ Shunem/Shulamite?

Abdi-heba/Arthahepa/Aradhepa/Puti-hiba/Ebed-Tov prince/king of Uru-salaam/Salaam/Jerusalem ~ Jebus (Salem)? Bath-sheba? Ziba (servant of son of Saul)? rebel Sheba (2 Sam 20)? Queen of Sheba? Adonibezek? "rebel Sheba"? Abinadab? Hadadezer/Hadarezer? Obed-edom (ark)? Toi king of Hamath? Zobah?

"dog" (Amarna 91) ~ Goliath said "am i a dog..." to David?

Rubuda/Rubute (Amarna 289) ~ Rabbah (Ammon)?

Akhenaten/Ikhnaton/Khunaton / Ankhenmaat (Naphuriya / Hartitifin) ~ Nathan (prophet)? Agur son of Jakkeh (Proverbs 30)? Genubath (Edomite prince brought up in pharaoh's house)? Hadad?

Ay "father (of god)" (married widow of Tut) ~ David "father" (married widow of Uriah)? Hadad (Edomite)? Jakeh? Agur? Ithiel ("God with me")?

Hor-em-hab (adon, Shasu) ~ Jeroboam? Rehoboam? Solomon? Hiram? Genubath? Lemuel? Hadad/Hadar?

Tutankhamen/Tutankhaten / Nebkheperure (Naphuriya/Huriya? Horus? "child/boy king", battle armour) ~ Ucal (Proverbs 30)? Uriah? child of David & Bathsheba? Shishak/Susakim?

Smenkhkare (favoured sucessor of Akhenaton, gender has been disputed) ~ Solomon (favoured by Nathan)? Queen of Sheba (gender may be uncertain)?

Siduna/Zidon ~ Zion?

Amarna Letters ~ A letter was written in the story of David and Uriah.

Josephus said Shishak (900s bc) was 1300 yrs after Menes; Herodotus said Seti (19th dyn) was (1)1340 yrs after Menes; these two sources together give a date of not more than 2300s bc for Menes (1st dyn), and make Seti and Shishak around about the same time.

2. Biblical names around David's time similar to Amarna period & 18th dynasty Heretic kings names:

Samson ~ Shamsiadad? Semqen? golden flys? Sheshonk? Sheshi (Hyksos)? Samsuiluna? Samsuditana? Labayu? Suppiluliuma? Senenmut? Sapasites (Ugaritic)? Shamash-Edom (Amenhotep 2)?

King Saul ~ Salatis (Hyksos)? Shuttarna (Amarna)? Suwardata (Amarna)? Ashuruballit (Amarna)? Suppiluliuma (Amarna)? Silu/Sile (Amarna)? Tusultu (Amarna)? Surata? troops of Sehlal (Amarna)?

Nahash the Ammonite (king) of Rabbah ~ Nuhasse (Amarna)? Baalat-nese? Lachish?

Goliath ~ Kastiliash (Kassite)? Alwt & Wlt?

(King) David (or Hadad) "beloved, father" (at Gath) ~ Addaia (in Hazati/Azzati/Gaza, Amarna 285, 287, 289)? Ay "(holy) father / father (of god)"? Dudu (Amarna)? Dijate (Amarna)? Vidia/Widia/Yidya (Askelon, Amarna)? Tushratta (Amarna)? "Tette / Da-te-wa/Daitewas / Dait-as/Taitas / Eudaita/E(h)u-daitas king of land of Palastina/Walastina"? Dawidum (Mari)? Damiqilishu/Dawigninishu (Isin/Sealands)? "a son of Did" (Merneptah)? Tagi (Amarna)? Mittiwaza? Djehuty (general of Tuthmosis)? Tut? Dadusha of Eshnunna?

Achish king of Gath ~ Akizzi of Katna? Lakisa/Lachish?

Ziklag ~ Zikar (Amarna)? Sigata (Amarna 76)?

Araunah the Jebusite ~ Aruna/Aluna in mid 18th dyn king's records? Aruna/Varuna (Mitanni/Hurrian/Aryan)?

ark of the covenant similar to King Tut's chest/ark? 'Ark of the Aamu'?

Psalm 104 is similar to the 'Hymn to Aten'

Uriah the Hittite ~ Biridiya (Megiddo, Amarna)? Huriya/Naphuriya (Akhenaten or Tut, Amarna)? Burna-buriash (Amarna)? Biryawaza (Damascus, Amarna)? Vidia (Amarna)? Hittite prince Zannanza (murdered near border)? Indaruta? Tutankhamen (battle armour)?

Bath-sheba ("daughter seven/oath", wife/widow of Uriah, married David) ~ Ankhesenpaaten (six sisters/daughters, widow of Tut, married Ay)? Hatshepsut? Abdi-heba (Amarna)? Taduhepa? Hepa (Ugarit, Amarna)? Baalat-nese "mistress of lions / lion woman" (Amarna)? Qatihutisupa?

Nathan the prophet ~ Ikhnaton/Akhenaten/Khu-n-aton? Aten/Aton? Hinnatuna (Amarna)?

3 years famine in days of David (ref 2 Sam 21:1) ~ 3 years drought/famine/plague in Amarna period (ref Amarna letter 86, Velikovsky, BBC, etc)?

Hiram/Huram (Abiff) king of Tyre ~ Ahiram (Ramses 2)? Horemhab? Ramses? Biryawaza (of Damascus)? Hamuniri/Ammunira king of Beirut? Shalmaiati (of Tyre, Amarna 155)? Namhuria?

Solomon (Jedidiah, favoured by Nathan) ~ Smenkhkare (favoured heir/successor of Akhenaten)? Horemhab? Suppiluliuma king of Hatti (Amarna)? Shalmaneser? Shalmaiati (Amarna 155)?

'Queen (of) Sheba' (Makeda/Tamrin/Bilkis/Nicaule, "queen of the south" "from the ends of the earth", gender may be uncertain) ~ Smenkhkare (gender disputed)? Ankh-esenpa-aten? Kiya? Nefertiti? Abdi-heba (Amarna)? Hatshepsut? Thebes? Hepa (Ugarit, Amarna)? Baalat-nese "mistress of lions / lion woman" (Amarna)?

temple of Solomon claimed to be similar to Deir el Bahri (ref Velikovsky)?

'Proverbs' said to have similarities with Amenmope(t)'s works?

Jakeh (Proverbs 30) ~ Aten/Aton? Heqawaset (Amenhotep 3)? Sakere/Smenkhkare? Akherre?

Agur son of Jakeh (Proverbs 30) ~ Akhen-aten/Khu-n-aton/Ikhnaton son of Aten/Aton? Ay?

Princess/queen Tahpenes ~ Tanethap/Tenthape of Ahmose 1? Taduchepa? Tiy(e)/Tyi/Thi? Queen Neferi(t)-thi/Nefertiti? Ankh-esenpa-aten? Hatshepsut?

Genubath (Edomite prince brought up in pharaoh's house in Egypt) ~ Akhen(h)aten/Khunaton / Ankhenmaat? Giluhepa? Genubatye (Tuthmosis 3)? Hor-emhab?

Jeroboam (in Egypt) ~ Horemhab (of Shasu)?

Hadad/Hadar ~ Horemhab (adon)? Ay? Akhenaten / Ankhenmaat? Aten/Aton?

Shishak/Susakim king of Egypt ~ King Tutankhamen (battle armour, gold treasures)? Seti 1 (Taru/Kanna)? Ramses 2 "Sesostris"? Smenkhkare? Shamsiadad?

Ano ~ Bint-Anat (Ramses 2)? Ankh-esenpa-aten?



Table diagram of our Egyptian-Biblical chronological correspondences:
1st (&/or 2nd) dyn -- Abraham
2nd/3rd to 4th/5th dyns -- Joseph/Jacob
11th dyn -- Elim
(6th &/or) 12th (& 13th?) dyn -- Moses/exodus
15th/16th dyn (Hyksos) -- Judges/Amalek/Edomite
400 yrs 15th/16th to 19th dyn -- 480 yrs Moses to Solomon
15th/16th (Sharuhen/Apepi) -- Shechem/Abimelech?
17th dyn -- Sisera?
18th dyn -- Tahtimodshi?
18th (Amarna/Heretic) dyn -- David/psalms/Solomon
18th or 19th dyn -- Shishak/Susakim/Ano?
18th or 19th dyn -- Menelik?
19th or 20th (or 25th) dyn -- Zerah?
(20th &) 21st dyn -- Zoan & Noph?
22nd or 24th or 25th dyn -- Taharka
20th or 21st or 22nd or 25th dyn -- So
22nd/23rd dyn -- Phoenician/Assyrian/Elamite
25th dyn -- Assyrian
26a / 26b dyn -- Necho/Hophra/Nebuchadnezzar?
27th & 31st dyns -- Persians
32nd dyn -- Macedonian
33rd dyn -- Seleucids/Ptolemies/Maccabees/Romans

Bible history research

Carrying on from our recent possible discoveries relating to the book of Judges and other Biblical books.
We have had to leave allempires history forum after the enemy kept wrongly subtly attacking us there constantly falsely making themselves out to be all right gods and us all wrong dogs.
In that forum we recently posted tentative theories that Cushan-rishathaim might match Hammu-rabi, and Sisera might match Seqenenre (similar head wounds), and Abimelech in Judges might match Ahmes 1 (18th dynasty of Egypt), and Tutankhamun might be connected with Uriah.
Todays very tentative proposal is that Adonibezek of Judges 1 might match Ishkibal of Sealands.

Adoni-bezek means "lord of Bezek", and Bezek's name means "lightning". It is possible that Adonibezek might be conected with Baalbek in the Syria/Lebanon area? Adonibezek conquered 70/72 kings, and 70/72 is symbolic of the world (70/72 nations in Gensis 10), so he might possibly be also found in Mesopotamian imperial king lists? In the Mesopotamian king lists we found that possible candidates for Adoni-bezek are either Kudur-mab(i)uk of the West/Elam/Larsa/Kazallu, or Ammi-saduga of Babylon, or Ishki-bal/Saharki-bal/Saxarki-bal of Sealands (Sahasra-bala in the Indian lists). (Though it might be possible that Adonibezek is a corrupt/confused memory of the later Abdi-heba of Jerusalem in the Amarna letters?) Since Moses was in the 12th dynasty, and since Babylon 1 dynasty has a synchronism with the 13th dynasty, this means the early judges period is around about the time of Isin/Larsa to Babylon 1 to Sealands 1 dynasties. (Our enemies try to claim that the dates don't match according to their chronology, but the truth is their chronology has some wrong claims. There is no true proof that the orthodox ascribed dates are what they claim them to be, and there is quite a lot of evidences that the orthodox dates are wrong because they don't match various evidences and sources like the bible etc, while some of us have found matches in different times/dynasties.) It so happens that in the Indian king lists which have matches with the Sumerian king list we find that Ammisaduga is the 71st king, and Ishkibal is the 73rd king which might possibly relate to the 70/72 kings that Adonibezek claimed to have conquered? Ishkibal is the most likely candidate to possibly match/be Adonibezek. The Sealands dynasty might be connected with Canaan/Palestine/Israel during the Judges period? Ammisaduga has some possible similarities to Adonibezek though. Ammi might be closer to Adoni? The element saduga means "serpent (of the deep and/or clouds)" which could be similar to bezek "lightning" and/or sobek/sebek "crocodile"?

We might possibly be wrong about this, but some of our discoveries are pretty certainly not wrong and we have plenty of evidences that confirm our Egyptian-Biblical-Mesopotamian chronology is much closer to the truth than the orthodox chronology. The enemy doesn't want people to know/find the truth and/or they try to monopolise and esoterise the privelege of discovering the truth. Whatever things we might be wrong about, don't let the enemy deceive you and stop you objectively considering our biblical matches.

Sargon of Akkad

We were discussing Sargon and Joseph possible connection in Allempires history forum but I seem to have lost access to the forum in this last 24 hours so i am unable to see and reply to any thread/topic replies. (Not sure if it is coincidence or on purpose. It is annoying to be blocked from viewing and replying especially now when possibly untrue/unfair claims/appearances replies may possibly have been made in thread replies that might falsely make us look wrong/bad that we can't answer/disprove if we can't see and reply the forum thread/topic.) Since i was sometime ago unfairly banned from Historum forum and they refused to retract the unfair ban or give another chance and they continually keep rebanning for rejoining, there is now no history forum online that i am able to visit and post in. (Historum banned us, Allempires is now blocked access seemingly, Simaqian is long gone. There are no other major history forums i have found online in the last couple of years. I don't have the time etc to administrate a forum/group myself.) So i will have to post my updated Sargon information on here instead.

Below is the latest update reply that i wrote since my last reply/post in the Sargon thread/topic. Note i have not seen any replies since my last reply/comment in that thread/topic.

After my last posts i was again re-reading certain details about parts of the life of Sargon and Manistusu and Naramsin, and i am now not so sure that our previous Joseph or Moses correspondence is not possibly right after all. There are still quite a few very intriguing similarities especially with Joseph's story. The second proposal of Seir the Horite also doesn't necessarily  look like it does have such a good possible match. As things stand at present i am stuck not able to prove for sure whether Sargon is or is not connected with Joseph or Moses or Seir or other, because on one hand there are some too intriguing similarities, but on other hand there are seeming supposed differences, either/both of which we are not sure  whether they are explainable or meaningful or not. So at present all i can do is try to demonstrate more clearly the most intriguing similarities to try to show why we are somewhat half-intrigued.

The first most major reason why i see a possible match with Joseph or Moses times is because the similarities of Manishtusu & Manasseh (& Menkaure), and/or Sargon/Rimush/Mush & Moses/Ramses.

1. Manishtusu & Manasseh/Menkaure: both are similarly described as succeeding elder brothers:

Manasseh:

Genesis 41:51-52 "Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh.... The name of the second, he called Ephraim...."
 48:1-20 "He took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.
.... Now your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt
        before I came to you into Egypt, are mine; Ephraim and Manasseh,
        even as Reuben and Simeon, will be mine.
Your issue, who you become the father of after them, will be yours.
        They will be called after the name of their brothers
        in their inheritance.
.... Israel saw Joseph's sons, and said, "Who are these?"
 Joseph said to his father, "They are my sons, whom God
        has given me here."  ....
 Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel's
        left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel's
        right hand, and brought them near to him.
 Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it on Ephraim's head,
        who was the younger, and his left hand on Manasseh's head,
        guiding his hands knowingly, for Manasseh was the firstborn.
.... When Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand on the head
        of Ephraim, it displeased him.  He held up his father's hand,
        to remove it from Ephraim's head to Manasseh's head.
 Joseph said to his father, "Not so, my father; for this is
        the firstborn; put your right hand on his head."
His father refused, and said, "I know, my son, I know.
        He also will become a people, and he also will be great.
        However, his younger brother will be greater than he,
        and his seed will become a multitude of nations."
 He blessed them that day, saying, "In you will Israel bless,
        saying, 'God make you as Ephraim and as Manasseh'" He set
        Ephraim before Manasseh."

Manish-tusu:

"Manish-tusu the elder brother of Rimush/Urumush/Alusharshid reigned ...." is noticeable in the Kish Chronicle king list.

Comments of scholars: "... speculation ... that the two were twins, as in: man istusu? rimus! "Who is with him? His beloved!", as apparently the second born was thought to be the first conceived." Compare that with the Genesis 48 words.

Menkaure:

The kings/pharaohs of the 4th dynasty and the pyramids of Giza seem to match Jacob and Joseph's sons of Genesis:

Sneferu = pharaoh (or Zaphenath)?
Philitis = Jacob?
Khufu/Cheops = Jacob
Redjedef = Joseph (or Judah)?
Sphinx = head of Joseph/Zaphenath &/or lion of Judah?
Khafre/Chephren = Ephraim?
Menkaure/Mycerinus = Manasseh (or Machir or Benjamin)?
Giza/Er-gesher = Goshen

Our match of (the Sphinx and) the 3 pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure at Giza with (Joseph and) Jacob and Joseph's two sons seems to match very good.
Menkaure is supposedly the son of Khafre, but if Menkaure is Manasseh then he might not have really been the son of Khafre but might have just been made his "son" as his succesor.
Menkaure's pyramid is smaller than the other two, and slightly off-centre line.
The name of Khafre's pyamird means "great or upper", and the name of Menkaure's pyramid means "high", which might perhaps be compared with Genesis 48 words?

2. Sargon/Rimush/Urumush & Ramses or Moses:

Rimush's name is variously rendered either Rimush or Uru-mush or Mush or Musush or Alusharshid. This name is similar to Re-/Ra-mses and/or Moses/Moshe/Musa. One version has "the hero Mush". (Ramses is mentioned in both the stories of Joseph/Genesis and Moses/Exodus.)
Rimush is son of Sargon whose birth story is very similar to Moses' birth story.
Sargon is supposed in conventional chronology to supposedly be a contemporary of Pepi 1. It is a strange coincidence that Pepi 1 &/or Pepi 2 happens to be a candidate of ours for matching Moses.
(Joseph was 3rd/4th dynasty, Moses was (6th and/or) 12th dynasty, and Sargon does at least seem to come somewhere sometime between Joseph and Moses. The orthodox supposed "6th dynasty" placement agrees with our placement of Sargon sometime between the 3rd/4th and 6th/12th dynasties.)

3. Chronological dispute:

Before we discuss some more Sargon & Joseph stories similarities a note on the Chronological dispute:
While orthodox adamantly assert  that their 6th dynasty "2300" bc time placement of Sargon is surely right because of "eminent" "peer review" and "plenty of evidences", we say that they can not actually prove that the 2300s date is truly correct. Whatever the correct date is, they might be right that it was around about the 6th dynasty though because there is the known archaeological synchronism of Akkadian dynasty/period with the 6th dynasty via Ebla. Though it is admitted that the date is not definite because the Ebla info might be earlier than the Akkadian conquest.  One possible piece of infomration that might possibly either support or alter the "6th" dynasty correspondence is this:
Sayce said that a statue from Lagash (?1st or 2nd?) dynasty is very similar to an Egyptian 4th dynasty statue, and that the cubit measurement in it is also the same as that of the pyramid builders of the 4th-6th dynasty of Egypt.
If this is Lagash 1 dynasty then it may agree with Akkad being after 4th-6th dynasty; but if it is Lagash 2 dynasty then it might mean that Akkadian dynasty was before the 4th-6th dynasty?

4. Pyramids:

It was said that Akkadian doesn't match with 3rd/4tt/5th dynasty because seemingly "no evidence that Akkadians build pyramids like the Egyptian rulers did then".

Manishtusu's stele is "pyramidal".
Naramsin stele shows a pyramud-like mountain/hill/mound in the picutre.

Joseph who we suggest Sargon might be connected with also has possible connections with pyramids eg:
Hebrews dwelt at Goshen which seems to match Giza/Er-gesher.
The shepherd Philitis who dwelt at Giza in 4th dynasty in Herodotus matches Jacob/Khufu at Giza. Herodotus said Egyptians hated/disliked the 4th pyramid-builders. Josephus said exodus started from Latopolis, which is not very far from Cairo/Giza.
The "eternal mountains/hills" of Joseph in Genesis 49 seemingly may match the pyramids. (We shown in various articles many evidences that Joseph certainly was in the 3rd-4th dynasty)?

Zealandia Party Immy Policy

Below is the first rough draft of our immigration policy.
The Zealandia Party is a new independent national cultural NZ political party which is necessary because there seems to be no real alternative to the current "cutlure". We stand for the best for each and everyone except evil ones, as opposed to some elite forcing some to be less than the best or slaves. We are for God, Nature, culture, nation, tribe/community, family and the indidivual, and we are against them who are undermining these precious things.
We first launched a group page in facebook where we have so far posted draft policies on Water and Taxation/Revenue. Our housing policy is basically the same as seen in our article on the NZ "housing crisis" which was posted in this blog some months or year ago. With some of our policies like our immigration one we seemingly are restricted/limited/blocked in our publishing options because the globalist elite control all the major media (net/web, tv, radio, papers, community poster boards, etc). We had seeming problems uploading our Immy poliy in our FB post so we are posting it here instead if they allow us. Our intentions are only for good best of people as against evils/wrongs some of us are suffering being inflicted on us by the powers that be, we do not mean any negative against any one who is not doing evil.





Immigration Policy.
The common saying that "we are all immigrants" is a globalist lie. Some of us have not immigrated or emigrated anywhere in our lifetimes (though some of us are "children of immigrants/emigrants"). An immigrant is one who comes *into* a *country*, which only matches certain cultural situations (it doesn't match pre-urban or pre-civilisation tribal cultures/societies). Immigration uncontroled is an invasion. They have been having problems in the UK where refugees and immigrants are still being pushed on them while the British are saying "we are full".
NZers must come first before immigrants/foreigners, not NZers come after or equal to immigrants.
No great immigration if/when we are not able to cater/care for the population we already have (employment/welfare, housing, water, infrastructure). It is wrong that NZers suffer jobs and houses etc being taken from them by immigrants. The claim that immigrants create jobs is not very true.
Immigrants must be not only "desirable" but also culturally assimilable/compatible with a view to national cohesion. This is not "racist" (in the commonly implied sense), it is realist. We do not hate any races, but rather we recognise that we must respect natural/divine created facts/truths/realities. Natural boundaries/borders can not be disrespected without dire consequences, man can not "conquer nature", but rather human development must develop in harmony with natural laws. Human ethnicities do ont only differ in skin colour but also in other external/physical and internal/mental/cultural/spiritual ways too (including for example smell). Man is a social creature, and humans form higher social-organisms like families and tribes and nations, and these organisms are necessarily important for higher "evolutionary" civilised progress/advancement. All existing historical nations and races are unique and special and have the right to be protected ('bio-diversity', and self-determination), just like we value any other endangered or extinct animal/plant/etc. We humans all have a need to belong to a tribal group and to have cultural identity. Scots and Jews and Maoris etc are lucky to have such identity and belonging, while many christian Western British colonial people have lost and sorely lack this. People who want to forcibly mix/divide/destroy any/all nations/races are the real racists (or haters or genocide or ethnic cleansing or "divide and conquer"). People have a right to belong to a family/tribal/national/cultural group and not to have some people depriving them of this. "Diversity within unity", both are reconciled within God. The globalists can not acheive their claimed dream of one race or harmony of races if they continue to harm the unity and/or diversity of some. Natural ethnic differences seem to be deeply ingrained and do not seem to be able to be changed by artificial globalist enginering in less than a number of generations at the very least. Many anti-"racists" do not practice what they preach, they don't marry someone of a different race. No one would like to be forced to only be allowed to marry someone of a different race. Mixing races also is known to cause some physical and psychological and social/cultural problems in the mixed offspring (eg less able to handle the heat/cold, identity/belonging confusion issues, cross-fertility/viability).  Mixing should be more positively selective for the best quality and quantity, rather than just chaotic or negative.
A finite number of foreign guests (and exchange students, and tourists) of any nationality/ethnicity are welcome providing that we are able to accomodate them, and providing that they don't do/cause any wrong/bad. We encourage the experiencing of other cultures.

Southeast England 449 to 597

One of the seeming main objections that some people have in considering our match of the 9 battle sites of Arthur with the 9 Saxon Shore sites is that people have the set opinion that the South-East was supposedly all only Anglo-Saxon with no supposed evidences of Britons or battles being there in Arthurian times. Below we give some of the evidences that we have collected for Britons/battles in the south-east quarter, and against the battles being in the other regions of Britain (and/or world). These are only the tip of the iceberg and there will be far more quantity and quality than we have been able to collect in our very limited situation & location. It must be said though that it is perfectly possible to prove merely that the 2 sets of 9 sites certainly match literarily without having to prove the other questions of whether battles were really fought there. Also, this issue of the South-East depends on the date of Arthur. If for example Arthur was earlier in the 400s and was someone like Vortimer then the south-east was less Saxon then, and the sources are clear that Vortimers battles were in Kent, or if he was later and was someone like Ethelbert then it also alters the whole picture. We will now go through the main regions with Arthurian claims. (Note: the notes below are not finished yet.)


Ruled-out:
Jerusalem:
The VR of the HB claims Arthur went to Jerusalem before the battle of Guinnion. However, the primary source texts generally seem to agree that Arthur's battles etc were in "(the island of) Britain", so we can rule out the battles sites being in the Holy Land.
The Arthurian "Jerusalem" might really be the Uerolamiensem/Verulam ("St Alban's") of Bede. The city of the legion is said to have been built at the same time as Jerusalem, which seems to imply that "Jerusalem" was either the city of the legion Richborough itself or was its next door neighbour Guinnion/Dover. Cursalem in the 11 Consuls list seems to match Guinnion & Dover. Jerusalem is the city where Jesus was crucified. In our Wonders articles we shoed that Cruc Mawr "big cross" is the large cruciform platform at Richborough. Guinnion is where Arthur carried the Cross and image of Mary.

Dacia/"Denmark"

Ruled-out:
Rome/Romans:
Arthur does seem to have some Roman origins, and some Arthurian sources also say Arthur was emperor of Rome, etc, but the primary source texts generally agree that Arthur's battles etc were in Britain.
Welsh source says that the city of the legion was "2nd Rome", and it is possible that "Rome" in Arthurian is the city of the legion. (Compare Byzantium/Constantinople and Moscow called 2nd and 3rd Rome.)

Ruled-out:
Sicily/Messina:
There are a few early traditional claimed links of Arthur with "Etna" and/or "Sicily", but the primary source texts are pretty clear that Arthur was British and that his 12 battles etc were in "(the island of) Britain" not in Sicily, so we can rule out Sicily as location of Arthur's 12 battles etc.
We have shown in some articles that "Etna" seems to really be our Mt Eidyn at Dover (Guinnion). (The Messina straits are analogous to Dover straits. Sigar "Sicily" is connected with Dobar in the 8 labours of Turein.)

Ruled-out:
Iceland:

Ruled-out:
Norway/Loclyn

Gothland

Denmark/"Dacia"

Ruled-out:
Ireland:
Arthur is claimed to have invaded Ireland in some sources, but the primary source texts are pretty clear that Arthur was primarily British, and that his 12 battles etc were in "(the island of) Britain" not in Ireland, so we can rule out Ireland as location of Arthur's 12 battles etc.
"Cold snakeless Ireland" may be connected with either Caldicot "cold isle cottage", snakeless Thanet (Richard of Cirencester), Lucius Tiberius/Hiberius (HRB), and/or Hisberna (8 labours of Turein).

Ruled-out:
France/Gaul / Aquitaine / Brittany/Armorica/Letavia:
Arthur is claimed to have invaded Gaul/France in the HRB etc, and Arthurian does have some French ties, and Brittany does have some Arthurian traditional connections, but the primary source texts are clear that Arthur was primarily British/Welsh, and that his 12 battles etc were in "(the island of) Britain" not in France/Gaul or Brittany/Armorica, so we can rule out France & Brittany as the location of Arthur's 12 battles etc.
Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, and the Old North all have remnant Arthurian traditions, which points to England as the original common connection.
Arthurian has French/Frankish/Gaulish (& Breton) ties, which means we are looking for an area which is neighbouring/bordering France, and Kent is the best match for this.

Ruled-in:
Celtic / British/Britons / Welsh/Cambrian:
Arthur is agreed by many sources to be at least half Celtic/British/Briton/Welsh/Cambrian (refs HB, HRB, AC, Welsh Triads). The Britons were in Great Britain (Loegria/England, Cornwall, Wales, Strathclyde/North) and in Brittany/Armorica.
Arthur was in "Britain" (HB, HRB). Britain includes Great Britain and Brittany. The HB further implies that Arthur was in "the island of Britain", which indicates Great Britain and rules-out Brittany.

Ruled-out:
Orkney islands:
Although the HRB etc does mention "Orkney" among Arthur's territories, Arthur is generally implied by most primary sources to have been primarily British, and his 12 battles to have been in the "island of Britain" which rules-out Orkney.
Arthur's main capital province was not Orkney (Gunfasius, Lot)?

Ruled-out:
Avalon:

Ruled-in:
Great Britain / Albion / British/Britons / Welsh:
While it is true that Arthur is claimed in the HRB etc to have been in some other lands such as Ireland, Iceland, France, Sicily, Rome, and Jerusalem, the primary source texts seem to agree that Arthur was primarily British and that his 12 battles etc were in "(the island of) Britain" (HB 3, 7, 10, HRB, AC, DEB) rather than these other places, so we can rule-out the battles having been these other places or anywhere else in the world/universe for starters.
Although some Arthurian scholars theorise that Arthur may have fought battles in diverse places in Britain as part of a sort-of general roving commission of a Dux Britanniarum (or else the 12 battles being a composite compiliation), this is only theory without any real proof/evidence, and it is agreed by some Arthurians that Arthur can not have romped too greater distances of space across the whole length and breadth of the island of Britain.

Ruled-out:
Wales/Cambria / West
Evans says regarding suggestions that the city of the legion is Caerleon on Usk "... how Arthur could have fought Saxons in Perthshire and Wales, where no Saxons ever were, is beyond conjecture."
The city of the legion was implied to be in inaccessable Saxon territory in the time of Gildas, which rules out Caerleon.
Arthur's main province was not Norgales/Venedotia (Cadwallo Lewirh) or Sugales/Demetia (Sater).
Caerleon has been described as being in an "indefensible plain" in Gwent.
The Britons/Welsh were not limited to the North and Wales and Cornwall until after the battles of Dyrham 577 and "Chester".
"The Britons ... retire into Cornwall and Wales" (HRB 11:10).
"Wurdesten speaks of the Britons leaving their ancestral land when the Saxons occupied it".
Gildas says "neither to this day are our cities inhabited ... forsaken & overthrown".
The city of the legion "Cuerlion" is near Isneldone or Snowdon/Sinadon or "Stirling" in Beroul, and some people have said that this doesn't match Caerleon which is not close to Snowdon.

Ruled-out:
South-West/Cornwall/Devon/Somerset/Dorset / Lyonesse/Scilly:
Cornwall is past even the orthodox "Lincoln to Dorset/Devon" border.
Britons/Welsh were not limited to Cornwall and Wales until after Dyrham according to orthodox opinion.
There are remnant Arthurian traditions and namesakes in all of Cornwall, Wales, and the North, which shows that Arthur can't be in those 3 but must be in England as the original common connecting area.
"Yet the battles have been located in districts as far apart as the lowlands of Scotland and the
south-west of England. There were certainly no Saxons in the latter
region until long after this date...." (- Evans.)
"The Saxons were at its [Dorset's] borders at the beginning of the 6th century, but the British held it until circa 658-710. The ASC records a battle near Somerset or Dorset in 658, which "put the Britons to flight.""
The south-west corner is not strategic for fighting invading Anglo-Saxons.
Bath is not a strategic place for battle against Saxons. The HRB mentions "Thanet" in the Badon chapter.
Tintagel Castle site is only a late association with Arthur. Tintagel in photos is obviously analogous to Dover/Guinnion.
The is no proof of any city of Lyonesse between Land's End and Scilly isles. City of Lions in far south-west is obviously analogous to city of the legion Richborough in far south-east.
St Michael's Mount can be shown to be an analogous memory copy of Dover/Guinnion.
Glastonbury was only founded in the 600s according to the ASC.
Arthur's main province was not Summerland (Melwas) or Cornwall (Cador) or Devon (Geraint)?
The name of Summerland confirms a southern not northern location.

Ruled-out:
Scotland/Albany/Caledonia / Picts / Lothian / North/Ogledd / Strathclyde/Cumbria:
Although there are claims of the Jutes fighting Scots and Picts in the Firth of Forth area, these are pretty uncertain and it is agreed by some scholars that "Arthur was fighting "Saxons" ... and there were none ... in the North in Arthur's time...." (ref Jackson, Loomis, Evans.)
"No source before Geoffrey of Monmouth says that Arthur fought Scots/Picts". (Though Cunedda fought Gwydel/Liethali, and though the Halleluyah victory of Germanus against "Saxons and Picts" might possibly match the 1st battle of Arthur's 12 battles?)
Aedan is after Arthur in Welsh/Arthurian sources like the AC & ASC.
Our general impression from Arthurian traditions is that Arthur was of Britain/Loegria/England/Welsh and not of Scotland/Albany or the Picts. Although Arthur is associated with all 3 of Britain's 3 divisions of Britain in the HRB (Loegria/London & Cornwall, Kambria/Wales/Legionis, Albania/Scotland & Deira/York/Northumbria), Arthur's main province would seem to be Loegria/England rather than Albany/Scotland or Wales or Cornwall.
Arthur's main province was not Orkneys (Lot), Scotland/Albany (Nau, Augusel), Moray (Urien), Rheged (Urien)? Arthur is not Pictish except only in a few late sources like the Liber Floridus. The 'Dux Pictorum' of the LF is similar to the Dux Bellorum of the HB.
The name of Summerland confirms a southern not northern location.
The Pa Gur has two different Eidyns. Agned & Eidyn do not match in the Pa Gur, but rather Agned & Ystawinguin match in the Pa Gur. There is an Edinburgh Hill at Dover.
"Albani" in the HRB can be "Saint Alban('s)" and the Downs (Albion) and Guinnion (*Alborum), rather than Scotland (Alba/Albany, Drum Alban, Alpin). Drum Alban could be an analogous memory of the Downs.
There is not strong proof that the Caledonian wood battle site of Arthur was in Scotland. The only basis for it being there is the name and nothing else. It is not likely Arthur was fighting Saxons in north-west Scotland (despite "Frisians in Dumfries" and "Jutes in Firth of Forth" claims). (Caledonia was province beyond Hadrian's Wall, and the Antonine Wall?) Caledonia is not near Lindsey. The Caledonian wood of Caesar's invasion in Florus etc is certainly in the south-east quarter of Britain. (Calle is also found in a Silchester inscription, and Caledo in a Colchester inscription.)
Beroul said "Isneldone/Snowdon" not "Stirling".
"Yet the battles have been
located in districts as far apart as the lowlands of Scotland and the
south-west of England. There were certainly no Saxons in the latter
region until long after this date, while in the north two powerful British
states, Rheged and Strathclyde, were holding in check both the beginning
of Anglian settlement on the south coast of the Firth of Forth and
the small territory of the Niduarian Picts in Wigtownshire and Kirkcudbright." (- Evans.)

Ruled-in:
Roman Britain:
Arthur has Roman connections (eg Ambrosius/Emrys Roman parents, dux bellorum, city of legion a Roman name, Lucius Tiberius). The Romans didn't (permanently) conquer Caledonia/Pictland. The south-east half of the island was more Roman than the north-west half (as seen in maps etc).

Ruled-in:
England/Loegria:
Our general impression from Arthurian traditions is that Arthur was of Britain/Loegria/England and not of Scotland/Albany. Arthur's main province was not Scotland/Albany (Augusel).
Arthur was fighting Saxons, and the Anglo-Saxon part of Britain is England not Scotland or Wales.
The Britons/Welsh were not limited to Cornwall and Wales and the North until after Dyrham 577 and "Chester" in orthodox history.
There are remnant Arthurian traditions in Brittany, Cornwall, Wales, and the North which points to England as the original common connection.
Arthur is associated with Loegria/Logres/England in the HRB, LF, etc.
Orthodox critics claim that the border was a line between Lincoln and Dorset which agrees that Arthur was at least in the north-west half England.
Wheeler's (& Deniker's) salient/gap of Britons in the Essex area confirms that some Britons/Welsh were in (the south-east quarter/half of) England in Arthurian times.

Ruled-out:
Mercia/Middle Anglia/Midlands/Central:
Mercia is not mentioned in the ASC until 644/653/655/676, all the battles action is in the south-east quarter. Mercia doesn't feature in the Bretwaldas until between the 5th & 8th some time after Arthur's times.
The (West) Saxons and Angles are not supposed to have reached "Buckinghamshire/Bedfordshire" until 571, and "Chester" until 584 or 607.
Arthur is implied to have had access to shore/coast ports (eg "the Porter", "ship/boat Pry(d)wen", "Dover", "Rutupi", "Hamo's port", "France/Gaul", "ships" and "Thanet" in Badon chapter of HRB).
"Gildas clearly states that this place [city of the legion] is unacessable to British people. If this was Chester it would hardly be unacessable."
The battle of the city of the legion is not mentioned in chronicle of Werburgh.
It is said that there is scanty evidence for the presence of St Julius and Aaron at Chester.
"How Deva came to be the name of Chester or the Castra Legionis (whence the Welsh Caer Lleon) is not clear".
"Absence of any mention of Garway in the HB" is possible evidence against the Wormlow Tump orthodox candidate for Amr's Tomb.

Ruled-out:
Northumbria/York/Deira/Bernicia/Durham/Lothian/North/Ogledd:
Although Arthurian does have some traditional claimed links with the North (eg Arcturus, Men of the Old North, Gododin, Jutes in Firth of Forth area, etc), we see that the North is ruled-out as the location of Arthur's battles for certain evidences reasons including the following examples:
"Arthur was fighting "Saxons" (as Nennius clearly shows, and specifically the Kentish men) and there were none near Chester or in the North in Arthur's time...." (ref Jackson, Loomis, Evans.)
Arthur fought "Saxons" not "Angles"? (Though Angle slaves are mentioned in pope Gregory's story, and the Pillar of Eliseg does mention Angles, and Ivor/Ini attacked Angles in HRB.)
The HB is agreed to seem to have Arthur's battles sometime between Octa and Ida, and the HB says Arthur's battles were down "until the time of Ida". Ida was among the earliest Anglian invaders of Northumbria, which means Arthur is unlikely to have fought Northumbrian Angles except possibly at the last battle Badon (though Badon is agreed by some orthodox scholars to be in the south).
Northumbria doesn't feature in the ASC until 547/560/593/597. Northumbria doesn't feature in the Bretwaldas until between the 5th & 7th some time after Arthur's times. (Bede was Northumbrian and the ASC was partly based on Bede, so no its no use critics "claiming oh but the ASC was only West Saxon records".)
"Cadfan acquires all Britain on this side of the Humber, Ethelfrid the rest" (HRB).
York was not called 'city of the legion'. In the HRB York and the city of the legion are mentioned in the same sentences as a distinct places, and they had different bishops.
Lo(n)donesia of King Lot is not Lothian but may be London or Ludanbyrig (Othona/Bradwell). Lot is variously of either Lodonesia or Norway or Orkney.
The name of Summerland confirms a southern not northern location.
The main 9 forts of the Saxon Shore were between Norfolk and the Solent, not in the North.
In Roman Britain and the ND the 2 main military areas are the Wall and the Saxon Shore, and Arthur's battles don't match with the Wall sites.

Ruled-out:
Lincoln/Lindsey / Kesteven / Holland / Co(r)itani:
Arthur fought "(West) Saxons" not "Angles"? (Though the Pillar of Eliseg does mention "Angles", and Liber Floridus does mention England/Angleland/Anglia.)
Arthur fought Saxons, and at the estimated time of Arthur's battles the Saxons were mainly only the area "between the Wash and the Solent".
Lincoln/Lindsey does not figure as important in the units of the heptarchy (we don't see it mentioned as much in the history of the period, it is more obscure).
Lincoln/Lindsey does not appear in the ASC until 627/654/678, all the battles action was in the south-east quarter.
Hardly any "Lincoln" place names are mentioned in Arthurian sources except for Linnuis and Thancastre. Only 1 of Arthur's 9 battle sites was supposedly in Lincoln (though four battles out of 12 total were fought there).
Four battles fought in Linnuis would indicate that Linnuis was important place, while Lindsey/Lincoln doesn't seem to me to seem as/very important in Arthurian times (even though it had been a Roman colony).
Nennius wrote "Linnuis" not "Lindsey/Lincoln".
The words "in regio Linnuis" may just be a later added gloss.
The orthodox location of Dubglas in Lincoln is pretty much only based on the Linnuis name match and not anything much else.
There is no known river Dubglas or Black in Lincoln/Lindsey (though it is true that some say that the Witham's name might be related to Eidumanis).
Glein (and Bassas, and Badon) was not in Lincoln because the HB doesn't say it was "in Linnuis" like it did for Dubglas.
One of the orthodox Glein candidates (Glen in Northumberland and Glen in Lincoln) "has no distinctive features or strategic fortifications", and one of them "has no mouth" (though does have a confluence).
The orthodox Dubglas candidate in Lindsey is not number "2nd" in an attested set of 9 sites (that all match all in order) like ours is.
Lincoln was almost an island in Roman times, and it doesn't seem overly strategic to me?
Hengist was in Linnuis according to the HRB, and this is more likely to be our Essex site than the orthodox Lincoln location because the latter is alot further away from Kent/Thanet where Hengist and Octa were.
Lincoln is not "near Celidon" like the HB & HRB are considered to imply it is.
If Arthur fought Saxons in Lincoln and won, then he suffered quite a reversal to shortly afterwards be fighting Saxons at Chester or Caerleon.
'Thancastre' in the HRB could match Othona/Ythancester in Essex (or Thanet, or castellum Guinnion) rather than Thong castle in Lincoln.

Ruled-in:
Saxon Shore / South-East quarter/half of England/Britain:
We found that the 9 battle sites of Arthur in the HB seem to match the 9 Saxon Shore sites from Great Yarmouth to Portchester, and they all match in numeric and geographical order which can't be lightly dismissed because the probability/odds/chances of more than a few sites all matching in order and only being coincidence or wrong is not high likelihood.
Peutinger Map highlights the South-East quarter of England.
Arthur fought Saxons "from Germany" and "specifically Kentishmen". Saxons were in "Saxon Shore". The (West) Saxons ranged from "the Wash to the Solent" (refs Sayles). Saxons were in Wessex, Essex, Sussex, Middlesex.
Arthur's battle sites must be strategic for fighting invading Saxons. The south and east and outer more strategic than the north and west and inner/inland, the inverse of the Roman Caerleon-Chester-York lines.
"There is no evidence from the 6th century to suggest that Saxon settlement had expanded further north than the southern one-quarter of the island." (ref Brynjulfson.)
The 9 Saxon Shore forts of the ND go from Brancaster to Portchester.
Some think that Cerdiceshore 495/514 was at Great Yarmouth (ref GYAM) which would have the West Saxons ranging from Yarmouth to Portsmouth like our Arthur's battle against the Saxons do.
The south-east quarter has roads connecting the different ends between Icknield/Colchester & Salisbury/Silchester (Icknield, Ridgeway, Camlet Way, Watling Street, Pilgrim's Way, Saxon Shore Way, Harroway, Stane Street).
The orthodox scenario of the border being "from Lincoln/Humber to Dorset/Devon" is not much different from our Wash/Norfolk to Solent/Hampshire scenario.
Some scholars saying that Arthur's battles "spanned ... from the southwest (Badon) to the northeast (Celidon Forest)" matches our 9 battle sites spanning from Great Yarmouth in the north-east end to Portchester in the south-west end.
The HRB has the Saxons going from "Lincoln" around to "Totness/Severn/Bath" which is also similar to our Yarmouth to Portchester scenario.
Arthur battles being considered 3 triads of 1st 3 sites all rivers, middle 3 sites all settlements, and last 3 sites all hills/mountains matches our Saxon Shore's geography (1st 3 are all rivers, middle 3 are all in Kent which is a settlements area, last 3 are all in the South Downs).
Prof. Fields located the 12 battles "up & down the east coast"; 3 of our 5 provinces are in the east (East Anglia, Essex, Kent).
"The Porter" in the Pa Gur could match the Saxon Shore forts & ports.
Arthur is implied to have had access to shore/coast ports (eg Arthurian texts mention "ship/boat Pry(d)wen", "Hamo's Port", "Dover", "Rutupi", crossing to France/Gaul, "boarded ships/boats" and "Thanet" in Badon chapter, Moridunon "sea fort"). The main British ports in Roman Britain were London, Richborough, Dover, Lemanis, Portchester/Southampton.
Arthur is seemingly implied in some sources to have driven the enemy out of the (is)land which may imply a coastal/shore site [and may imply the one part of Britain closest to mainland Europe?]
"British strategy seems to have been to allow Saxon landings and to then contain them, there."
"it is insisted that they [Saxons] avoided the Roman towns & forts"?
Of the SS forts  "There has been no consensus amongst those who write about the transition from the Romans to the Anglo-Saxons."
Most of the battles action in the ASC until 597 is mainly only in Kent 449-473/488 & 552/560-616, Sussex 477-490, and Wessex 495-591.
"Archaeologists and historians are now beginning to question the past interpretation of the 4th, 5th and 6th centuries." "new view", "stop pushing invaders", "accepted Germanic leadership", "lived peaceful".
"Kenneth Dark's argument for continuing British military and political power in the east rests on the very uneven distribution of Anglo-Saxon cemeteries and the proposition that large gaps in that distribution necessarily represent strong British polities which excluded Anglo-Saxon settlers by force."
"Procopius ... reports that Britons, Angiloi and Phrissones (Friesians) were crossing in great numbers from Britain to the Continent in the 1st half of the 6th century.... It (the statement of Procopius) is a warning against the assumption that the war left the English in possession of the centre as well as the east and south-east of Britain. It (the statement of Procopius) is brought within the sphere of history by an independent Germanic tradition of a migration of English peoples from Britain to the Continent in the 1st
half of the 6th century."
"This vision of the Anglo-Saxons exercising extensive political and military power at an early date remains highly contested." "The broader archaeological picture suggests that no one model will explain all the Anglo-Saxon settlements in Britain and that there was considerable regional variation."
"A re-evaluation of the traditional picture of decay and dissolution Post-Roman Britain, has occurred, with Britain being thought rather more a part of the Late Antique world of western Europe than was customary a half century ago. As part of this re-evaluation some suggest that sub-Roman Britain, in its entirety, retained a significant political, economic and military momentum across the fifth century and even the bulk of the sixth."
"It is fairly clear that most Anglo-Saxon cemeteries are unrepresentative of the whole population, and particularly the whole age range."
"the sharp contrast between Celtic and Saxon agricultural systems is a delusion...."
Arthurian has Roman associations. The south-east half of Britain was more Roman than the north-west half of Britain (eg see the map "Post-Roman Britain (Anglo-Saxon Cemeteries) (based on Jones & Mattingly's Atlas of Roman Britain)").
Arthurian traditions mention south-east place names including St Alban's / Verulam, London, Kit's Coty, Canterbury, Chislehurst, Rutupi, Dover, Winchelsea, Appledore, Hamo's Port. Winchester, Silchester, Stonehenge/Salisbury/Amresbury, France/Gaul.
Arthurian has "christian" connections (eg Cross of Christ at Guinnion/Badon, St Stephen at Camelot, St Mary at Guinnion/Badon/Wedale, St Martin at London, St Dubricius, bishop Bawdewin. Christiainity was surely more established in the south-east than in the north-west. There is an important early British/Celtic church at Canterbury.

Half ruled-out, half ruled-in:
East Anglia / Norfolk / Suffolk/Clarence / Iceni:
Arthur fought Saxons "from Germany and every province". East Anglia is in the "Saxon Shore". The Saxons were "between the Wash and the Solent".
The Fens/Fenlands would/could have been a shelter/refuge to Britons according to some sources (refs include Ripley).
Some sources have thought that Cerdiceshore 495/514 was Great Yarmouth rather than in the Portsmouth/Portsland area (ref GYAM).
'Branlant' could be Brancaster/Branodunum?
Sutton Hoo is considered by some researchers to have British rather than Saxon/Swedish traits, eg figure on the helmet is similar to the Long Man in Sussex. "at Sutton Hoo and inscriptions at Staffordshire definitely points to the British".
Sources like History Files give evidence of quite late presence of  Britons at Caer Went (Norfolk).
Walton has evidences of Britons/Welsh there quite late (refs Wiki, etc).
Some think 'Clarence' is Suffolk.
The Glein battle site of Arthur seems to match Great Yarmouth.
"glass vessels were used by the Britons in the 6th century". There is a glass vessel at Burgh (Gariannonum, our Glein battle site).
"Emigration of Angles & Frisians to the Continent 510-555" (Evans).
The name Aurelius Ursicinus "bear" in the Hoxne hoard might be connected with Arthurian (Aurelius Ambrosius, Arthur arth "bear").
"Norfolk has more large Anglo-Saxon cemeteries than the neighbouring East Anglian county of Suffolk".
"The dolichocephali, or long-skulled type of men, who, in part, preceded the English, "have been found abundantly in the Suffolk region of the Littus Saxonicum, where the Celt and Saxon [Englishman] are not known to have met as enemies when East Anglia became a kingdom."" (Grant Allen, 'Early Britain', chapter 7.)
A modern genetic map posted on Apricity forum showed East Anglia less Saxon.
Caerwent in the Lai d Ywenec could possibly be Norwich?
East Anglia doesn't feature in the Bretwaldas list until the 4th a little after Arthur's times.

Half ruled-in, half ruled-out:
East Saxons / Essex / London/Middlesex / Hertfordshire / Trinovantes:
Arthur fought "Saxons", Essex is in the Saxon Shore, East Saxons were in Essex, Middle Saxons were in Middlesex, Saxons ranged "from the Wash to the Solent".
Sources like History Files give evidence of quite late presence of  Britons at Caer Colun / Colchester.
Wheeler's (& Deniker's) Colchester-London-Albans gap/salient of Britons in the south-east (refs Wheeler, Deniker).
"Of Middlesex we know little or nothing". "London ... was apparently ignored".
Essex: "origins of this kingdom are obscure." "did not prove attractive to the early settlers." "... its development late."
"Essex not recorded king until Aescwine 527"?
London (or Othona) is mentioned in the ASC in 457.
Essex is not mentioned in the ASC until 604.
Uther is claimed to have died at "Verulam / St Alban's" (refs HRB).
We have shown that the Dubglas/Linnuis battle site of Arthur can match Othona/Bradwell/Maldon and/or London/Thames.
There were Britons/Welsh still at Caer Colun quite late (ref historyfiles).
London is mentioned in some early traditional Arthurian accounts. "Malory moved Arthur to London".
London is the one major place in Britain where there are roads connecting surrounding areas.
Cadwallon was supposed to be buried at St Martin's church in London according to the HRB.
Lo(n)donesia of Arthurian could be London rather than Lothian.
Camelot has been considered to be linked with Camulodunum/Colchester.
[Does the name "Battaills" nearby Othona/Bradwell recall a battle there?]
[The name Witbrichtesherna/Wigbeorhtshyrn nearby Othona/Bradwell might be connected with Vortigern or Wihtgar(asburh)?]

Ruled-in, part ruled-out:
South Saxons / Sussex / Hastingas / South Downs / Weald:
Arthur fought Saxons, Sussex is in the Saxon Shore, Sussex was territory of the South Saxons.
"Series of conflicts 455-519" (ASC, Brynjulfson).
"Only landings of Saxons on the coast 488-547" (ASC, Evans).
We showed that 1 or 2 of Arthur's battles sites matches 1 or 2 sites in Sussex (Agned/Bregion matches Anderida/Pevensey, Tribruit matches Lemanis/Stutfall/Lympne).
The Weald would/could have been a shelter/refuge to Britons according to some sources (including Evans, AC Doyle).
"Anderida/Pevensey being taken by Aelle is the only record of a [Roman SS] fort being taken by the Anglo-Saxons". (There also might even be some doubt that Andredescester is Anderida?)
"... for neither archaeology nor place-names provide any evidence whatever of early Saxon settlement south of the North Downs." (Evans.)
Lewes may possibly be a British/Celtic name (is disputed among academics/scholars/linguists)?
Sussex "remained a coastal settlement hemmed in by natural boundaries".
"pockets south of the Weald".
"there is no archaeological evidence for occupation by Anglo-Saxons in that area of Sussex between the 5th and 8th century. "
"Sussex disappears from the records after this initial conquest until as late as 685 when its king Æthelwealh died at the hands of the Gewisse."
"... we know nothing of his successors for the next two centuries."
"It is uncertain whether habitation of the fort [Anderida] continued after this event. The fort appears to have been resettled by about the middle of the 6th century by a Saxon community ".
Local tradition of a battle at Cayburn in 488.
"many skeletal remains of young Saxon men buried on Highdown Hill dating from 2nd half of 5th century".
Aelle is not mentioned in Arthurian sources.
"Aelle the Tyrant" is maybe similar to one of the Arthurian kings like Vortigern or Ambrosius Aurelius.
The gap between the Bretwaldas was after Aelle of Sussex.

Ruled-in & partly ruled-out:
Kent/Jutes/Medway / Thanet / Weald/Downs / south-east:
HRB mentions "Thanet" in the Badon chapter.
HRB mentions "Rutupi" in the Camlan chapter. Gawain is supposed to have died at Rutupi.
"Medieval and later pits were also found [at Reculver]."
"The church [at Richborough/Rutupi] was probably built at the end of the 4th century or at the beginning of the 5th century. It seems plausible that the church was built of wood." "there is evidence of a large Roman population here [Richborough] in the early 5th century, some of them worshipping in the Early Christian church discovered in a corner of the fort."
St Martin's church in Canterbury was a British church.
An orthodox scholarly source said that there were "few/little or no Saxon cemetaries in Canterbury".
Kent and Canterbury have British/Welsh names.
"It is by no means impossible that some of the Kentish distinctions are based in part on Romano-British influence.... It is difficult in any other manner to account for the fact that Kent alone preserved a resemblance to its Roman past.... ... may hold a memory of pre-Saxon agricultural arrangements ... due to the presence of peasants of Romano-British descent...."
Arthur fought "Saxons" "from Germany and every province", Kent is in the "Saxon Shore".
Cerdic was interpreter of Hengist in the HB & HRB, which may place Cerdic in Kent/Thanet area.
Collingwood and Jackson and Evans all agreed that the HB's words seem to imply that Arthur was fighting "Saxons" and "specifically Kentishmen" (because the 12 battles are mentioned immediately after talking about Octa and were before or "down to the time of Ida").
"In one Welsh text Arthur is represented as on his way with his whole army to fight an Osla Gyllellvawr (Osla or Ossa of the Big Knife) at Baddon. .... In the Dingestow version of Geoff of Monmouth's HRB it is stated that Ossa was a cousin of 'Otca mab Heingyst', i.e. Octa, son of Hengist. Here we seem to have a tradition that Arthur did fight Octa-Oisc, son of Hengist."
The Jutes/Kentishmen figure as one of the few major people/places involved in the battles action of the 400s and 500s. Kent features in the ASC from 449-473/488 and 552/560-616, while places like Lincoln do not appear until somewhat later.
The Weald would/could have been a shelter/refuge to Britons according to some sources.
Jutish phase 450-500 (Evans).
"Series of conflicts 455-519" (ASC, Brynjulfson) sounds similar to Arthur's battles.
"c460 Saxon victories in the ASC largely confined to coastal areas."
"Period of minimal Saxon activity 466-73."
"ASC silent on Kent 488-565" (Evans).
Frankish influence 510-570 (Evans).
How much do we really know about the Kentish/Jutish kings between Hengist/Horsa and post-Augustine Ethelbert?
Vortigern and Merlin have traditional claimed connection with Chislehurst caves (refs Walker).
We have shown that the 5 of the 9 battle sites of Arthur certainly seem to match 5 sites in Kent.
Kit's Coty house is traditionally considered to be the site of battle where Catigern died.
Hengist [& Octa] were in Linnuis according to the HRB, which is more likely to be our Essex/London than the orthodox Lincoln/Lindsey.
"glass vessels were used by the Britons in the 6th century". There is a glass vessel at Dover (Guinnion).
St "Dyfrig/Dubricius (bishop) of (city of) legions" is connected with either Mandubracius, or Dubris, or Durovernum, or Durobrivae. Dubricius as "chief (arch)bishop of Britain" links with archbishop of Canterbury. Dubricius is near "Thanet" in the Badon chapter of the HRB.
Vortimer and Ethelbert are among the major candidates for being the historical person "(King) Arthur", and both of these persons were in Kent.
Canterbury is mentioned in Arthurian source texts.
"Riculf, king of Norway" in the HRB may match Reculver/Regulbium ("Racuulfe... which stands at the northern mouth of the river Genlade" in Bede).
Arthurian has French/Frankish/Gaulish (& Breton) ties, which means we are looking for an area which is neighbouring/bordering France, and Kent is the best match for this.
Cadwaladr invaded Wight and Sussex and Kent in [661? &] 686 (refs ASC)?
Mintz's paper suggested possible connections between Arthur/Merlin and Ares/Mars and St Martin. There are a few churches of St Martin in Kent in/at or near or connected with our battle sites (including St Martin le Grand in Dover, St Martin's in Canterbury).
"Even in Kent, an area of rich early Anglo-Saxon archaeology, the number of excavated settlements is fewer than expected. However in contrast the counties of Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire are relatively rich in early settlements."
"The name "Eccles" comes from the Latin word "ecclesia" meaning church, suggestions that a post-Roman Christian community existed in the village beyond the Roman withdrawal and into the Saxon period ...."
Kent might be hinted at in some Arthurian names like Kentigern, Gwent. Some think that Kent and Canterbury are from cant "crooked/bent" which some think Camlan is also from. Cadbury in Somerset might be a memory of Canterbury.
Mari Lwyd in Caerleon is similar to Hoodening in Padstow (Petroc's, Cornwall), & in Kent, & in Cheshire.
Not sure if the date of this matches or not but at Burham "a cemetery was found with six skeletons all of whom showed injuries caused by weapons. Three had single long sword cuts to the left side of the skull. The other three had multiple injuries - one had been hit three times on the left side of the skull, another had been hit in the spine by a projectile, either an arrow or a javelin, which probably disabled him and a single sword cut to the head."
Charles P. suggests that "Arthur's war in England was fought in Kent and the East Midlands, perhaps as far north as Lincolnshire, but not in the West Country."
The castle/tower in the Modena Archivolt picture looks somewhat similar to Dover lighthouse (our Guinnion battlesite).
This period in the history of Kent described as "most perplexing problem of the period".
"the crux of the problem of the Jutes in Kent could be resolved if only we could date precisely the archaeological discoveries" ... "we do not know how long the intervals were between the making of one object and the making of another."
"[Those who control the South-East have the main power/hold in Britain]".
"Numerous Saxon cemetaries found at Sarre, Ash, Kingston" might be connected with battles there?
"It is at Cardiff, therefore, on the one hand, and at Richborough on the other, that we must look for the history of Caerleon in the fourth century, and it is possibly in the amphitheatre which lies buried outside the walls of Richborough that the lost century of 'KA's RT' may yet be found."
The city of the legion or "Caerleon" was "2nd Rome. … chief city of the isle of Britain … priveleges & rank … principal Archbishop…." "one of the most important cities in Britain". It was "Arthur's capital" and he "loved & honored Caerleon on the Usk more than any other place". This best matches Rutupi/Richborough which was "their primary station", "became the metropolis", "was of such celebrity that...", "was the station of the 2nd Augustan legion, under the count of the Saxon coast, a person of high distinction", "the primary station of the Romans in Britainnia...", "Watling Street proceeded from Richborough". "there is evidence of a large Roman population here [Richborough] in the early 5th century...." Hawkes etc say that Richborough is one of the best preserved Roman sites in Britain.
St Julius of the city of the Legion pretty surely originates from Julius Caesar who landed at Dover/Deal/Walmer/Richborough/Ebbsfleet where our city of the legion Richborough/Rutupi is located. Gai Campi also seems to originate from Caius Julius Caesar.
According to Hassell, Malory said there was a "great white palace of white marble" at Camelot, and coincidentally the building on top of the large (white) cruciform platform at Richborough was "faced with Italian marbles".

Ruled-in & partly ruled-out:
West Saxons / Gewissae/Wessex / Hampshire/Wight:
Arthurian texts mention Wisseans/Gewissae/Hwicce which is/are connected with West Saxons.
Arthur is stated to have fought "Saxons" "from Germany" (LF, HRB, Jackson, Evans).
The (West) Saxons were between the Wash and the Solent (matching our Saxon Shore) (refs Sayles).
"All indicators, though they are few, suggest that Badon was fought against Saxons and the Saxons were in the extreme southern part of the island." (ref Brynjulfson.)
'Arthur was fighting "Saxons" ... no amount of ingenuity can make Badon, the most probably genuine of them all, anything but a battle against the Saxons or Jutes in southern England" (Jackson, Loomis, Evans)
"Badonis is probably to be looked for somewhere in central southern England." "Badonis is on historical grounds probably somewhere in the south." "... with the probable exception of mons Badonis none of these places is demonstrably in southern Britain." (Jackson.)
"There is no evidence from the 6th century to suggest that Saxon settlement had expanded further north than the southern one-quarter of the island." (ref Brynjulfson.)
Some sources have suggested that Cerdiceshore 495/514 may have been at Great Yarmouth not in the south-west (refs  GYAM), which would have West Saxons ranging from Great Yarmouth to Portsmouth/Portsland like our 9 battle sites.
The West Saxons feature in the ASC from 495 as one of the few major parties involved the battles action in the 500s and 600s.
"Series of conflicts 455-519" (ASC, Brynjulfson) sounds similar to Arthur's battles.
"Only landings of Saxons on the coast 488-547" (ASC, Evans).
"Gap between Bretwaldas 491-560" (ASC).
"No gains gap 519-552 in the ASC" (refs ASC, Brynjulfson).
"Saxons take 57 yrs to advance 25 miles" 495-552 (Evans).
"Winchester" figures in Arthurian sources (HRB, Malory, Winchester RT).
HRB mentions "Hamo's Port" where Hoel sent Arthur assistance, and where Arthur goes to France (refs HRB).
HRB mentions Cheldric in Badon chapter and in Camlan chapter (refs HRB).
Cerdic was interpreter of Hengist in the HB & HRB, which may place Cerdic in Kent/Thanet area.
We have shown that the 9th Badon battle site of Arthur can match Adurni/Portchester.
Battle near Wight and Ashdown and Sussex and Kent in 661 (refs ASC)?
"The Saxons were at its [Dorset's] borders at the beginning of the 6th century, but the British held it until circa 658-710. The ASC records a battle near Somerset or Dorset in 658, which "put the Britons to flight."" Dorset is right next door to Hampshire which is where our Badon site is.
West Saxon king was "driven from his kingdom" at Woddesbeorg 591.
Natanleod or NawCantLeod might be connected with the city of the legion.
"scarcity of pagan Saxon cemetaries in North Hampshire and Wiltshire".
"slight if any early West Saxon occupation of Hampshire and Wiltshire (corroborated by scarcity of West Saxon place-names)".
"And in primitive Wessex, while British names survive in central Hampshire and Wiltshire, it is difficult to find early English place-names except in the tiny Jutish area in the south and in the northern parts... were not numerous enough to displace the natives and lived as a ruling warrior class upon tribute...."
"Cerdic and his retainers were one among several groups of adventurers who made their home in South Hampshire and Wilts without being numerous enough to settle down as farmers. They therefore remained as nomadic fighting force, spoiling and levying tribute from the Britons around them."
"conflict of evidence about the way in which the West Saxons arrived there."
"The Romano-British fields at Church Down in Chalton and Catherington, both in Hampshire, Bow Brickhill, Buckinghamshire, and Havering, Essex, were all ploughed into the seventh century".
"the Breton's lands" in Hampshire 13th cent.?
Some Arthurian scholars believe that Gildas wrote at Portchester (our Badon site) or Chichester.
"suspiciously British names of the [West Saxon] leaders" (eg Caradoc/Ceretic & Cerdic, Hwicce & Gewissae).
An archaeological find near our Badon site was described as "the last resting place of a (perhaps Saxon) local chief"?

Unfortunately i have not always recorded sources/references and we can not always easily remember or find them again, so we can not give chapter/verse/page reference citations for a number of quotes, but we can list a lot of sources/references which we remember using but don't remember the exact matching text parts.
ASC
Brynjulfson, Sheila.
Dark, Ken.
Deniker
Evans, 'Arthurian Campaign'.
Gildas, 'DEB'
GYAM.
Hassell, Alan
Hawkes, Jacquetta
HistoryFiles website
Jackson, Ken, 'Once Again Arthur's Battles'.
Monmouth, Geoffrey of, 'Historia Regum Britanniae'
Procopius
Ripley
Sayles
Wheeler, Mortimer
Wikipedia
Wurdesten.